稀疏图上有效的MST多边更新并行算法

ＭＳＴ（最小生成树ＭｉｎｉｍｕｍＳｐａｎｎｉｎｇＴｒｅｅ之略）多边更新（ｕｐｄａｔｉｎｇ）问题定义如下：给定一个赋权图Ｇ（Ｖ,Ｅ）和Ｇ的一棵最小生成树Ｔ（Ｖ,ＥＴ）,其中｜Ｖ｜＝ｎ,ＥＴ是树边集合,（１）给Ｇ添加Ｋ条新边,或者（２）在图Ｇ上改变Ｋ条边的权后重新为Ｇ寻找一棵最小生成树,１≤Ｋ＜ｎ．本文基于ＳＩＭＤＣＲＥＷＰＲＡＭ共享存贮模型,运用“进－退”策略,并把这一特殊手段与已有的平行算法组合起来,为一类稀疏图（｜Ｅ-ＥＴ｜＝Ｏ（Ｋ））找到了一种有效的ＭＳＴ多边更新算法．该算法需要Ｏ（ｌｏｇｎｌｏｇＫ）时间和Ｏ（ｍａｘ｛ｎ,ｕＫ／ｌｏｇｎｌｏｇＫ｝）处理机．     

线性超树的边着色问题

文章主要讨论一类超图,使它具有边着色性质,即边色数等于最大度数△。通过对线性超树与其对偶超图、线图性质的分析,找出线性超树的边色数即,线性超树的边色数为q（H）=△。     

双循环，对集和树

令Ｇ＝（Ｖ，Ｅ）为一个图，它的节点数为ｎ，不仅是一个双循环也是一个上循环．记β（Ｇ）为Ｇ的双循环空间的维数．对于Ｇ的一个子图Ｈ，用φ（Ｇ，Ｈ）表示Ｇ的支撑森数目，使得它的每个树均恰含Ｈ的一条边．图Ｇ的Ｈ扩张Ｘ（Ｇ，Ｈ）在Ｇ上增添一个新节点ν，连ν与Ｈ的每一个奇次节点以一边所得到的图．本文证明，φ（Ｇ，Ｈ）是个偶数，要么Ｘ（Ｇ，Ｈ）不连通，要么Ｘ（Ｇ，Ｈ）有一个非零双循环．对于一个欧拉图Ｇ，令λ（Ｇ）为Ｇ中这样边的最小数目，使得在将它们从Ｇ中收缩掉而得到的图Ｇ中，所有那些落在奇数个完满对集上的边，形成一个非零双循环．同时还得到，在Ｇ的最大对集中边数为μ（Ｇ）的一个下界，即μ（Ｇ）≥（ｎ－｜β（Ｇ）－１｜）／２．对于非欧拉图Ｇ，令ψ（Ｇ）＝β（Ｘ（Ｇ，Ｇ）），和用γ（Ｇ）表示这样边的最小数目，使得在将它们从Ｇ中收缩掉而得到的图上，有边属于奇数个完满对集．我们证明，γ（Ｇ）＝ψ（Ｇ）以及μ（Ｇ）≥（ｎ－ψ（Ｇ））／２．     

超图在树环中的嵌入问题

H为定义在树环G上的一个超图,将H的每条超边映射为G中不同的树,称为超边在G中的嵌入问题．超图在树环中的嵌入问题即为寻找H在G中的最优嵌入使得G中任一边被H所有超边的嵌入经过的最大次数最小．将超图嵌入圈(MCHEC)问题的算法简化可得EHTR问题的一个PTAS算法,且可证明EHTR问题为NP-完全的．     

凸规划的一个内点算法

对于含线性约束的凸规划问题，本文给出了一个内点算法，并且证明了算法经过Ｏ（ｎ￣（０．５）｜ｌｎε｜）步迭代后，原始一对偶间隙必小于ε，整个算法的复杂度为Ｏ（ｎ￣（３．５）｜ｌｎε｜）．特别的，如果目标函数为凸二次函数或者线性函数，则得到相应的多项式算法，其算法复杂度为Ｏ（ｎ￣（３．５）Ｌ），其中Ｌ为相应问题的输入长度．ε取做２￣（－Ｌ）．     

利用对偶图求平面图的生成树数目

图的生成树数目是图的一个重要参数，求连通图生成树数目的方法有很多．本文利用平面图的对偶图的Kirchhoff矩阵来求一些平面图的生成树数目，求这类平面图的生成树数目比直接利用收缩边和去边得到递推公式的方法要简单，该方法对于平面图可以进一步推广.     

已知拓扑下的4度Steiner树算法

设Ｎ为平面上２ｎ个固定点的集合,Ｍ为ｎ－２个可动点的集合,Ｅ为连接这些点的边的集合（也称作拓扑）．设Ｅ为点集Ｖ上的满４度Ｓｔｅｉｎｅｒ拓扑（满Ｓｔｅｉｎｅｒ拓扑也就是满足固定点的度为１,可动点的度为４的树的拓扑）,Ｈ（Ｅ）为包含Ｅ在内的所有Ｅ的退化拓扑的集合．文中构造了计算拓扑属于Ｈ（Ｅ）的４度Ｓｔｅｉｎｅｒ树算法,并证明了算法的时间复杂性是Ｏ（ｎ２）．     

四类圈树的连续边着色

设G是简单图，用颜色1，2，3，…对G进行正常边着色，若每一个顶点上表现的颜色都能构成一个连续的整数集合，则称这个边着色是连续的．图G的亏度def（G）等于粘在G上使它可连续边着色的悬挂边的最小数目．文章研究了四类圈树的亏度．     

一类特殊的极大＋和支撑树在调整和权值下的逆问题

本文研究的是一类特殊的极大＋和支撑树在调整和权值下的逆问题．给定一个边赋权连通网络G=（VE,c,w）,对于每一条边e∈E,已知一个费用c（e）和一个权值叫（e）,极大＋和支撑树问题是指寻找一棵支撑树T＊,使得其是权值marxw（e）＋∑c（e）最小的一棵支撑树．而在极大＋和支撑树的逆问题中,给定一棵支撑树％,eET它不是已知网络中最优的极大＋和支撑树,要求调整网络中各边的费用c（e）,使死变成调整后网络中最优的极大＋和支撑树,目标函数是使得在l1模意义下的边权调整费用尽可能的小．本文针对已知网络中各边费用都相等这一特殊情况,给出了求解该逆问题的列生成算法,每次迭代时入基向量的选择可以转化为一个新参数下的极大＋和支撑树问题,从而可在多项式时间内确定入基向量的选择．本文最后给出了一个实例说明算法的有效性．     

用宽度优先搜索求网络图的最短路径

在对网络图变换的基础上引入了简单连通图的准生成根树的概念，并由此给出了求网络图最短路径的一种新算法．该算法与以往算法的区别在于它改变了网络图的拓扑结构，从而使搜索能够在结构非常简单的树状图上进行．该算法用最多不超过｜Ｖ｜－１层的扩展，即可找出图中从源点出发到其余顶点或任意两点间的最短路径．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that