职业发展中的"人-职匹配"演化过程与职业指导的模式创新

在职业指导百年发展历史中,产生了多种指导理论.其多偏重于对"人"在职业中相关心理问题的研究,而缺少对职业存在模式、职业演化发展规律、"人-职匹配"本质特征等"职业"问题的研究.因此,需要在引入职业研究成果基础上,通过对传统理论的整合,构建包含对"人"的分析、"职"的分析和"人-职匹配"演化发展过程分析在内的新的职业指导新模式.     

神经元中的随机共振及含噪周期方波脉冲信号的最优检测

理论研究表明 ,神经元用于含噪周期方波脉冲信号传输时存在随机共振现象 ,信号的占空比和神经元的阈值对随机共振的影响有一定的规律 .同时 ,可获得大于 1的信噪比增益 ,这是线性系统不能实现的 ,因而可将神经元的应用推广到非线性信号处理领域 .在此基础上 ,对应用神经元实现含噪周期方波脉冲信号检测的最优条件和最优特性进行了分析 .最后 ,通过仿真实验验证了理论分析的正确性     

随机动力系统中的广义密度演化方程

针对一般随机动力系统，考察了概率守恒原理. 在考虑随机场与随机过程分解的意义上， 探讨了同时含有初始条件随机性、外部激励随机性和系统参数随机性的随机动力系统中的概率守恒原理. 通过与连续介质力学中的Euler系统描述与Lagrange系统描述的比拟， 深入讨论了概率守恒原理的状态空间描述与随机事件描述. 特别是在随机事件描述的基础上， 导出了适用于随机动力系统的广义密度演化方程. 在此基础上， 发展了密度演化理论的分析方法， 使得范围广泛的多维随机动力系统的求解问题迎刃而解. 以非线性随机结构的动力响应分析为对象， 示例了密度演化理论的实际应用.     

自然灾害风险理论与方法研究

自然灾害风险研究是当前国际科学前沿问题之一．通过分析国内外自然灾害风险研究成果,结合全球变化与快速城市化发展趋势,构建了自然灾害与风险的理论关系及其演化模型．在此基础上,从脆弱性分析、风险评估和风险管理4个方面系统梳理了自然灾害风险研究的理论与方法．最后,提出未来自然灾害风险研究中有待进一步完善和发展的工作．     

钻进中钻柱系统的辨识

在钻井过程中,钻柱振动系统是一个很复杂的动态系统,它不仅具有复杂的不确定的边界条件,而且具有显著的随机特征。在随机信号理论基础上,提出了一种用互相关辨识钻柱系统的新方法;结合输入信号和输出信号,利用钻柱系统的脉冲响应,讨论了钻柱的临界转速、钻柱共振、钻柱与井壁之间的相互作用、所钻地层岩性等钻井工程问题。     

随机共振模型结构参数自寻优方法与应用

在随机共振微弱周期信号检测过程中,如何确定结构参数值非常关键.已有的结构参数选择方法在应用上存在着局限性,如由于模型输入信号的干扰噪声未知,通常定义的信噪比无法获得.针对该问题,首先改写了随机共振模型的数学表达式;然后定义了一种随机共振模型输出信噪比,并给出了计算方法;最后在此基础上,以输出信噪比为评价指标,提出了一种结构参数自寻优方法,用于构建性能优良的随机共振模型.仿真信号分析表明该方法能较好地解决输入信号背景噪声未知的问题,所构建的随机共振模型可有效检测出低频率和高频率的微弱周期信号.通过对转子试验装置上的转子系统早期不平衡故障分析的应用,验证了所提出方法的有效性和实用性.     

决策演化集的垂直膜结构

决策演化集的纵向演化是在决策演化集的基础上处理决策规则在不同粒度空间上演化问题的理论.决策演化集的纵向演化并不拘泥于静态的决策规则,而是把着眼点放在决策规则的在不同粒度空间的动态变化上.在决策演化集的纵向演化中提出了隐藏属性、丢失属性、纵向演化矩阵、演化偏移角和纵向演化轨迹等概念,但在目前的决策演化集的纵向演化的理论体系中很难将决策信息系统的纵向演化轨迹以及其他的演化特性具象化出来.提出使用膜结构来重新描述决策演化集的纵向演化,建立了决策演化集的垂直膜结构理论框架,从而解决了决策信息系统的纵向演化轨迹、隐藏属性、丢失属性、演化偏移角等的具象化问题,将之前不能画出的演化轨迹及演化偏移角、隐藏属性、丢失属性等演化特性展示出来,使得对决策规则的纵向演化的研究更为直观,并通过实例演示了决策信息系统的纵向演化过程和轨迹.     

结构振动的模糊可靠性分析

利用随机有限元理论建立结构振动的概率有限元计算公式系统,得出结构固有频率的均值及其方差;根据模糊集合理论的基本原理,在结构振动的可靠性分析中引入共振失效的模糊定义,指出共振准则具有模糊性.在此基础上,提出共振区模糊子集的隶属函数的确定原则,给出了具体的确定方法.根据模糊事件发生概率的定义,导出了结构振动的模糊可靠性的计算公式,考虑到结构具有多阶固有频率,在进行结构振动可靠性分析时,结构应为串联系统,从而解决了结构动态问题的模糊可靠性问题.通过结构振动模糊可靠度的计算实例,验证了该法的有效性和可行性,并指出常规可靠性计算由于不考虑共振区域的模糊性而使计算结果偏大.     

(3+1)维相对论流体力学方程的研究

在高能重离子碰撞的系统演化研究中,相对论流体动力学被广泛应用.而利用相对论流体动力学模拟源的演化的基础是运动学方程.于莉莉等人首先提出了(1+1)维球形演化源方程,在此基础上,尹洪杰等人推导出(2+1)维柱形演化源方程.真实源的演化并非各向同性,因而本文给出了(3+1)维椭圆柱形演化源方程.文中先回顾已有的(1+1)维和(2+1)维方程,然后再给出(3+1)维方程,同时陈述其求解过程,这是模拟真实源演化过程重要的理论基础.     

龙门山泥盆纪锶同位素演化曲线的全球对比及海相地层的定年

在将龙门山泥盆纪海相碳酸盐锶同位素演化曲线全球对比的基础上,用锶同位素地层学原理确定了剖面中Frasnian/Famennian阶和泥盆/石炭系的界线.研究表明,龙门山泥盆纪锶同位素演化曲线有良好的全球可对比性,显示锶同位素地层学在全球远距离对比以及作为海相地层定年工具中的潜在意义.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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