款冬花色素的提取与稳定性研究

研究了款冬花色素的热稳定性,氧化还原稳定性和pH值稳定性,并对常用的几种食品添加剂对款冬花色 素的稳定性进行了探讨,结果表明,款冬花色素易溶于丙酮,属于脂溶性色素;在pH=3～9时,款冬花色素的稳定 性较好;氧化还原剂及食品添加剂对其稳定性影响不大Fe³⁺金属离子对其影响显著Na⁺有增色作用60℃水浴温度 在以下色素的热稳定性较好     

卵叶小蜡果红色素的性质及其稳定性

对卵叶小蜡果红色素的基本理化性质，以及光、温度、氧化还原介质、3种食品添加剂和6种金属离子对其稳定性的影响进行了分析探讨。结果表明，卵叶小蜡果红色素属水溶性花色苷类，该色素对光和热的耐受性较好，色素的耐氧化和还原性较好，金属离子中Zn^2 、Cu^2 和Fe^3 对其吸光值有一定不良影响，3种常用食品添加剂(如葡萄糖、VitC、苯甲酸钠)、Mg^2 、Al^3 、和Mn^2 对色素稳定性无影响或影响甚微。     

树莓色素的提取及稳定性研究

对树莓色素的提取方法以及光、热、氧化剂H2O2、还原剂Na2SO3，食品添加剂，常见金属离子等对其稳定性的影响进行了研究。结果表明树莓色素有较好的光热稳定性，常见食品添加剂和常见金属离子对其稳定性无明显影响。     

沙枣花天然花青素的提取及其稳定性研究

在本文中，在不同环境条件下对于沙枣花中提取的天然黄色花青素进行稳定性分析。结果表明，该花青素溶于热水，最大吸收波长为416nm，具有较好的耐热性、耐光性和耐氧化还原性，在酸性至中性条件下食品添加剂共存时该色素相当稳定，Na＋、Ca2＋、Mg2＋、Zn2＋等金属离子对这种色素具有护色作用，但是金属离子Fe3＋、Al3＋对色素有一定的影响。它是一种来源充足，使用方便的天然花青素也是良好的食品添加剂一着色剂。     

陕西凤翔辣椒红色素的色度稳定性研究

对陕西凤翔辣椒红色素的色度稳定性进行了研究。结果表明：色素主色度在465rim有最大吸收峰;色素的色度耐光性较好;温度低于80℃时色素的色度具有良好的热稳定性;色素的色度耐酸、碱性较好;金属离子Na^＋、K^＋和Fe^3＋对色素的色度无明显影响,Cu^2＋、Fe^2＋、Al^3＋和Ca^2＋能使色素的色度的最大吸收峰偏移;色素的色度耐氧化性较好,耐还原性较差;食品添加剂葡萄糖不影响色素的色度的稳定性,柠檬酸对色素的色度有一定的破坏作用。     

空心泡红色素的性质及其稳定性研究

对空心泡红色素的基本理化性质，以及光、温度、pH值、氧化还原介质、常用食品添加剂和6种金属离子等对其稳定性的影响进行了分析探讨。结果表明，空心泡红色素属水溶性花青苷类色素， 适于作天然食用着色剂。该色素对光和热的耐受性较好；适用pH值范围宽；色素的耐氧化和还原性较差；金属离子中Mn^2 和高质量浓度的Zn^2 、Cu^2 和Fe^3 等对其吸光度有明显不良影响，而常用食品添加剂（如葡萄糖、NaCl、苯甲酸钠等）、Mg^2 、Al^3 及低质量浓度的Zn^2 、Cu^2 和Fe^3 对色素稳定性无影响或影响甚微。     

陕南桔皮黄色素的提取及稳定性研究

对陕南地产黄色桔皮进行了色素的提取及稳定性研究。结果表明：桔皮黄色素水溶性好，其最大吸收波长为280nm，对光、热耐受性强。当pH为2～10时，色素稳定；桔皮色素对于Na^ ，Mg^2 ，Mn^2 ，Ca^2 ，Cu^2 金属离子的作用不显著，但对Fe^3 较敏感；色素有较好的耐还原能力，耐氧化能力较差，加入食品添加剂，无变色反应。     

山城紫苕色素稳定性的初步研究

主要研究pH值、温度、光照、金属离子及其它食品添加剂和氧化剂对山城紫苕色素稳定性的影响．实验结果表明：紫苕色素在pH=3．0左右,降解缓慢；对光、热都较稳定；除Fe^3 、Sn^2 外，大多数离子影响较小；常用食品添加剂影响也很小；强氧化剂对其有破坏作用．     

蛇莓果天然色素的稳定性分析

研究了常用食品添加剂维生素Ｃ，有机酸，糖类和常见和几种金属离子Ｎａ＾＋，Ｋ＾＋，Ｃａ＾２＋，Ｍｇ＾２＋，Ｆｅ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾２＋，Ａｌ＾３＋对蛇莓果中天然红色素稳定性的影响。并对色素的耐酸碱性，耐氧化性，耐还原性以及耐热性进行了探讨。     

山楂红色素的理化性质

报道了山楂红色素的稳定性，受高温加热及强光照射时的变化，以及一些金属离子、有机酸、氧化剂、还原剂、糖类、食品添加剂对山楂红色素稳定性的影响。结果表明，山楂红色素在酸性条件下稳定，对于光有良好的稳定性，氧化剂、还原剂及抗坏血酸对色素有一定的降解作用；柠檬酸对色素有明显的增色作用；糖类、除Fe^3＋、Sn^2＋的金属离子及苯甲酸钠对色素的稳定性没有影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-