基于蒸汽腔扩展速度的SAGD产能预测模型

蒸汽辅助重力泄油（SAGD）是开发稠油的一种重要方式,而产能预测模型又是体现蒸汽辅助重力泄油成功与否的关键。现阶段的对于蒸汽辅助重力泄油产能的研究中虽然考虑了热对流、界面速度不均匀等情况,但却忽视了不同时间因生产制度不同而导致蒸汽腔扩展速度变化,从而影响蒸汽辅助重力泄油的产量。因此基于包含热对流和热传导的蒸汽辅助重力泄油热交换模型,利用观察井温度法计算蒸汽腔水平扩展速度,并最终建立考虑蒸汽腔扩展速度的SAGD两相流产能预测模型。通过与新疆某油田试验区中A井的生产数据对比,检验该模型所计算得到的产量与实际现场数据一致,同时可以快速准确的预测泄油带温度分布以及蒸汽腔前缘位置;通过对产能预测模型敏感性分析得到较大的表观热扩散系数和对流液密度会提高单位生产井产能,而蒸汽腔水平扩展速度应保持在1×10-2 m·d-1到2×10-2 m·d-1之间,蒸汽腔与水平面夹角在30至60度时生产井产量和采收率最大。该研究将理论与实际现场生产紧密结合,为稠油油藏开发提供理论支持。     

稠油油藏水平井侧向重力水驱技术研究

针对常规水驱开发稠油油藏效果较差的问题,提出了顶部注水水平井侧向重力水驱技术。在水平井注水室内评价实验基础上,分别从纵向和平面上分析了稠油油藏水平井侧向重力水驱的驱油机理,认为侧向重力水驱技术能够充分利用注入水和底水能量,提高油藏纵向动用程度,同时加大油藏的水驱波及系数和局部驱油效率。以某底水稠油油藏为概念模型,对水平井侧向重力水驱注采井网和生产层位进行了优化研究,得到最优的注采井网形式、注采井距和水平段走向,获得不同底水体积大小和韵律特征下生产井无因次避射高度优化图版和无因次射孔井段长度优化图版。为指导同类油藏实施水平井侧向重力水驱井网设计和纵向射孔层段设计提供了标准和依据。     

氮气泡沫开发稠油底水油藏的物质平衡方程

稠油底水油藏蒸汽吞吐过程中易形成底水在加热范围内的锥进,在底水锥进严重的生产井底部高压注入氮气泡沫,可以将水锥压回原始油水界面.将注氮气泡沫压水锥的过程看作气驱油、油驱泡沫和泡沫驱水3个过程,建立了多轮次蒸汽吞吐后注氮气泡沫控制稠油底水油藏底水锥进的物质平衡方程,得到了泡沫分离的氮气和表面活性剂溶液的启动油量、原油富集带厚度以及底水面深度的计算方法.对胜利油田某稠油底水油藏的一口生产井实施注氮气泡沫压水锥进行了计算,结果表明,对于600 m3/h的注氮气速度,注泡沫19 d可将水锥压回原始油水界面,最优的射孔高度距原始油水界面14.26 m.     

从室内实验看火驱辅助重力泄油技术风险

将水平井引入特、超稠油油藏火烧油层技术中,可以实现火驱辅助重力泄油,其原理类似于水平井条件下的蒸汽辅助重力泄油（SAGD）。与SAGD相比,火驱辅助重力泄油技术对操作程序的要求更为苛刻,油藏和工程风险更大。室内三维物理模拟实验表明,在直井做为注气点火井、水平井做为火驱生产井时,可以实现连续稳定泄油,并能有效提高储层纵向动用程度。但如果注采关系控制失当,特别是在火驱中后期,有可能出现燃烧前缘沿着水平井突进的现象,会在地层中形成大范围死油区并可能损毁水平井段,带来油藏和工程风险     

蒸汽辅助重力泄油蒸汽腔前缘传热模型研究

蒸汽辅助重力泄油(SAGD)是开发稠油油藏的一种有效手段,蒸汽腔前缘的传热是决定SAGD开发效果的重要因素。虽然SAGD的传热模型很多,但是基本没有对热对流的存在形式与作用进行系统研究。充分考虑了热传导和不同的热对流作用,建立并求解了不同的SAGD传热模型。选取实际的油藏区块为研究对象,分析了不同传热作用对蒸汽腔前缘温度分布的影响,同时也分析了水的相对渗透率对热对流的影响。结果表明:SAGD过程中热传导与热对流同时存在,蒸汽腔附近热对流是主要的传热方式,水的相对渗透率越大,热对流作用越明显。     

氮气泡沫开发稠油底水油藏的物质平衡方程

稠油底水油藏蒸汽吞吐过程中易形成底水在加热范围内的锥进，在底水锥进严重的生产井底部高压注入氮气泡沫，可以将水锥压回原始油水界面。将注氮气泡沫压水锥的过程看作气驱油、油驱泡沫和泡沫驱水3个过程，建立了多轮次蒸汽吞吐后注氮气泡沫控制稠油底水油藏底水锥进的物质平衡方程，得到了泡沫分离的氮气和表面活性剂溶液的启动油量、原油富集带厚度以及底水面深度的计算方法。对胜利油田某稠油底水油藏的一口生产井实施注氮气泡沫压水锥进行了计算，结果表明，对于600m^3／h的注氮气速度，注泡沫19d可将水锥压回原始油水界面，最优的射孔高度距原始油水界面14．26m。     

裂缝性稠油油藏水平井产能分析

针对我国稠油油藏的开发现状,将裂缝性地层与稠油油藏有机的结合起来,探索了裂缝性稠油油藏水平井产能分析。首先通过建立裂缝性地层模型,运用了渗流力学和储层表征与建模知识,来分析和表征了裂缝对开发地层渗透率的作用。其次通过针对目前比较适用的稠油油藏开发技术—水平井蒸汽吞吐加热技术的研究和分析,建立了水平井注蒸汽吞吐的三维导热模型,并运用能量守恒定律以及结合了传质传热学的相关理论知识,对水平井的加热范围进行了有效分析。最后在基于前两步的理论体系上,对裂缝性稠油油藏的产能进行了定性分析和动态预测。     

单井蒸汽辅助重力驱启动过程动态预测模型

利用物质平衡和能量守恒原理,建立了裂缝性稠油油藏水平井蒸汽吞吐动态预测解析解模型,模型分为注蒸汽加热动态计算、油藏平均压力计算及产量计算三个部分,可以对单井蒸汽辅助重力驱的启动过程进行动态预测。以克拉玛依某油田为例进行了计算,结果表明,该模型能用于裂缝性稠油油藏单井蒸汽辅助重力驱启动过程的动态预测。     

准噶尔盆地春风油田薄浅层超稠油水平井蒸汽驱试验

 针对准噶尔盆地春风油田多轮次蒸汽吞吐后开发效果变差、亟需开发接替技术的难题,立足于春风油田埋藏浅、高孔高渗、地层平缓、温度低、储集层薄、地下原油黏度高、热采水平井整体开发的油藏条件,开展了水平井蒸汽驱先导试验.试验区动用地质储量102×10⁴ t,部署注汽井5 口,对应21 口油井,注汽井、生产井均为水平井,井距100 m,排距140 m,水平段长度200m,注汽速度5 t/h,采注比1.2.钻打了3 口观察井,实时监控油层温度、压力.试验已历时19 个月,从单井日产油量、含水、阶段采出程度、地质储量采出程度等开发指标对比分析看,蒸汽驱见效明显.在考虑稠油递减规律的前提下,蒸汽驱比蒸汽吞吐产量增幅为48%.证实,薄浅层超稠油水平井蒸汽驱技术切实可行.试验过程中形成了"立足高温微汽窜采油"的开发理念和动态监控体系、水平井高温汽窜治理、水平井蒸汽吞吐引效、大斜度注采一体化泵等配套技术.     

稠油油藏水平井注蒸汽监测资料解释方法

以稠油油藏水平井注蒸汽现场监测数据为基础,建立了水平井井筒及油藏动态变化的解释模型.从能量方程出发,计算了水平井注蒸汽过程中水平段井筒干度、流量分布剖面和油层吸入热量剖面.结果表明,温度随蒸汽干度下降而降低,干度大于零时,温度变化很小,当干度降为零后,温度下降很快;流量的变化及油层吸入热量百分比与该井段的油层物性有关.应用实例证明了所建立的解释方法能够快速、准确地解释水平井注蒸汽过程中井筒及油藏动态变化,为今后的注汽参数设计及油藏开采提供可靠的依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has