斜直井中扭矩和轴力共同作用下钻柱的屈曲问题

利用能量方法研究了轴向载荷和扭矩共同作用下钻柱的屈曲问题 ,着重研究了扭矩对钻柱屈曲的影响 ,理论分析和实验验证均发现 ,轴向载荷、井斜角和扭矩是影响钻柱屈曲的重要因素。当其他条件相同时 ,钻柱的屈曲载荷随井斜角的增加而增加 ,呈非线性 ;扭矩使钻柱的屈曲载荷明显降低 ,并且随井斜角的增大 ,降低的幅度减小 ;扭矩值越大 ,钻柱的刚度越小 ,钻柱屈曲载荷的降低程度就越显著。     

考虑扭矩影响的弯曲井眼内钻柱屈曲特性分析

分析了弯曲井眼内钻柱屈曲特性,推导了考虑扭矩影响下的弯曲井眼内钻柱屈曲微分方程和屈曲临界载荷计算模型。针对ϕ215.9 mm井眼内的ϕ127.0 mm钻杆,建立了增斜和降斜井段钻柱的有限元模型,对比分析了考虑和不考虑扭矩影响时的钻柱屈曲特性。结果表明,钻柱正弦屈曲构型与扭矩无关,而只与钻柱所受轴向载荷有关,扭矩对螺旋屈曲构型影响较大。数值模拟得到的弯曲井段不同造斜率下的钻柱屈曲临界载荷与解析解的相对误差在15%以内,证明了数值模拟的可靠性。弯曲井眼内施加扭矩后,螺旋角位移增大,正弦和螺旋屈曲临界载荷降低。钻柱正弦屈曲形态变化较小,扭矩对螺旋屈曲变形的影响更大。增斜井段钻柱从顶部开始发生正弦和螺旋屈曲,钻柱底部保持平衡状态;在降斜井段,不考虑扭矩时,初始正弦和螺旋屈曲均首先出现在钻柱下部,考虑扭矩影响时,降斜段初始正弦屈曲出现在钻柱上部,初始螺旋屈曲同时出现在钻柱上部和下部。相对于增斜段,降斜段钻柱屈曲临界轴向载荷非常小,说明增斜井段发生屈曲的可能性相对较小,降斜井段则很容易发生屈曲。结果有望为水平井、大位移井弯曲井眼内钻柱设计、屈曲控制与强度校核提供参考。     

基于能量法的定向井中造斜段下凹管柱屈曲临界载荷分析

运用最小势能原理导出定向井造斜段下凹管柱屈曲载荷计算公式。以常见管柱参数为例,编制了相应的MATLAB程序,计算了不同条件下管柱屈曲临界载荷,分析了井眼曲率半径、平均井斜角、油套径向间隙对管柱临界屈曲载荷的影响。分析结果表明:定向井造斜段下凹管柱屈曲临界载荷随井眼曲率半径的增大呈指数递减趋势,随平均井斜角的增大而指数递增;管柱壁厚的增加会提高管柱抵抗屈曲变形的能力,但这种影响会随井眼曲率半径、油套管径向间隙的增大而减小。本文研究结果可为定向井射孔、试油、改造及完井投产管柱组合及下入提供参考。     

钻柱在考虑扭矩时非线性屈曲的DQE法

给出了圆柱面坐标中受径向约束钻柱屈曲的平衡微分方程。得到斜直井内钻柱屈曲分析的DQE(Differential Quadrature Element)法列式。用DQE法对斜直井内钻柱的非线性屈曲进行了计算分析。结果表明:在相同的轴向荷载下扭矩对钻杆的非线性屈曲位移和钻杆的分布约束力影响很小,扭矩对钻杆的螺旋屈曲临界荷载有影响,扭矩的作用使得钻柱螺旋屈曲临界荷载增大。     

斜直井眼中钻柱侧向屈曲的研究

利用能量法，推导了斜直井眼中钻柱的侧向屈曲临界荷载，在力学模型中，考虑了钻柱自重和井斜的影响，给出了斜直井眼中钻柱侧向屈曲临界荷载的一般形式，对于给定截面尺寸的钻柱，临界荷载是钻柱长度的函数，且随井斜角的变化而变化。在确定实际钻柱的临界荷载时，要充分考虑井眼的具体情况。讨论了发生高阶屈曲的条件，所得结果可供工程计算参考。     

斜直井眼中钻柱侧向屈曲的研究

利用能量法，推导了斜直井眼中钻柱的侧向屈曲临界荷载．在力学模型中，考虑了钻柱自重和井斜的影响，给出了斜直井眼中钻柱侧向屈曲临界荷载的一般形式．对于给定截面尺寸的钻柱，临界荷载是钻柱长度的函数，且随井斜角的变化而变化．在确定实际钻柱的临界荷载时，要充分考虑井眼的具体情况．讨论了发生高阶屈曲的条件，所得结果可供工程计算参考．     

考虑自重的斜井钻柱稳定性

钻柱轴向力是井眼倾角、钻柱摩擦系数及钻柱浮重的函数,将此函数代入斜井钻柱挠曲线方程,并采用无穷级数法求解,确定钻柱长度系数与临界屈曲压力系数之间的关系.结果表明:当钻柱长度系数增加时,临界屈曲压力系数趋于常数;钻进过程中钻柱很容易发生屈曲,在进行钻柱摩阻扭矩分析时,考虑钻柱的屈曲很有必要.     

塔河油田同心随钻扩眼钻柱动力学研究

老井侧钻是解决塔河油田含水率增加的主要技术,但井眼直径变小会对后续作业产生很大的影响,应用随钻扩眼技术可以解决此问题。但也存在钻柱动力学稳定性差、扩眼效果不理想和钻速低等问题。基于弹性力学理论及有限元分析方法,考虑弯曲井眼中钻柱受力、钻柱结构和领眼钻头与扩眼工具处钻压扭矩分配等因素的影响,由该区一口实例井扩眼参数建立了侧钻井同心随钻扩眼钻柱瞬态动力学模型。并研究BHA在小井眼中的运动状态,全钻柱关键位置动应力变化、井口轴向力、井口扭矩、钻柱轴向加速度和钻柱等效应力随加载时间的变化,模拟结果可为研究同心随钻扩眼钻柱的动力学性能和优化随钻扩眼施工参数提供了理论支持。     

定向井中造斜段下凹管柱屈曲性能分析

在定向井的造斜段,由于井眼轨迹的下凹,位于其中的管柱在重力与井眼的约束下存在初始下凹弯曲。为了了解定向井造斜段管柱的屈曲性能,运用最小势能原理推导出定向井造斜段下凹管柱屈曲载荷计算公式,分析了井斜角、造斜段井眼曲率半径对管柱屈曲载荷的影响。算例分析结果表明,随井斜角的和井眼曲率的增大,管柱屈曲临界载荷增加,管柱的纵向稳定性提高。     

超深水平井钻柱动力学研究及强度校核

超深井钻井过程中钻具失效事故频繁发生,钻柱动力学特性研究对增加钻具安全性具有重要作用。考虑真实井眼轨迹、钻头与地层相互作用、钻柱与井壁接触及钻井液黏滞作用等因素的影响,建立了全井钻柱动力学特性仿真模型,模拟了不同钻压及转速下钻柱不同截面轴向力、扭矩、位移及等效应力等随时间的变化,采用第四强度理论计算了井口钻具的安全系数,校核了超深水平井钻具强度。分析结果表明,井口轴向力和等效应力表现为低频变化,MWD处等效应力和加速度表现为高频振动且其横向振动比轴向振动更加剧烈;在钻压和转速较小的情况下,钻压和转速对井口轴向载荷、井口扭矩、井口等效应力及井口安全系数影响不大;MWD处等效应力随钻压的增加而增大,其横向加速度随转速的增加幅值显著增大;对于井深超过8 000 m、井眼尺寸φ120.65 mm及φ114.3 mm的G105钻杆,动力学分析得到的井口安全系数大部分时间内在1.2附近波动,钻具总体是安全的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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