红外光谱法测定顺丁烯二酸硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯单酯二乙醇酰胺含量

以顺丁烯二酸酐,硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯为原料制备顺丁烯二酸硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯单酯,提纯后再与二乙醇胺反应,制备顺丁烯二酸硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯单酯二乙醇酰胺,提纯后制备酰胺标准物。选择硫氰酸钾为内标物,采用红外光谱法对顺丁烯二酸硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯单酯二乙醇酰胺与内标物的混合样品进行测试。以酰胺与硫氰酸钾的质量比为横坐标,所对应的峰高比为纵坐标绘制标准曲线。得到的线性回归方程为y=0.3203x-0.0034,相关系数为R2=0.9991,方法的相对标准偏差为0.48%,回收率为91.67%～103.85%。     

增稠剂DS6000的制备和在日用化学品中的应用

本文研究了一种以硬脂酸与ＰＣｌ３反应形成硬脂酰氯中间体，再与ＰＥＧ６０００酯化生成聚乙二醇双硬脂酸酯，即ＤＳ６０００的新制备方法，并介绍了ＤＳ６０００在日化中的应用。实验结果表明，该方法能大幅度降低生产成本，易于工业化生产，产品纯度比传统方法大幅度提高。     

阳离子水性聚氨酯乳液合成与性能

以聚醚(N-220)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)为主要原料合成了阳离子水性聚氨酯乳液,采用红外光谱测试乳液胶膜,讨论了预聚物的R比值、N-甲基二乙醇胺用量以及中和度等反应条件对产品性能的影响。结果表明,当R比值为2.9、N-甲基二乙醇胺用量为6.0%、中和度为85%~100%时,合成的阳离子水性聚氨酯具有较佳的稳定性,其涂膜具有较好的机械性能和耐水性。     

两步法合成硬脂酸二乙醇酰胺

硬脂酸与二乙醇胺两步法合成硬脂酸二乙醇酰胺,通过条件优化实验找到了较佳合成工艺。其优化合成条件为,第一步反应温度１７０￣１７５℃,投料比１．７,反应时间４￣５ｈ;第二步反应温度９５℃,催化剂用量ω＝０．０１５,反应时间２．５￣３ｈ。两步法得到产品纯度达９０％,与甲酯法相近,比一步法提高了３０％。     

可降解型阳离子表面活性剂的合成及结构表征

文章以自制的缩水甘油硬脂酸酯(GS)和三甲基氯化铵为原料,经一步反应合成含酯基可降解型阳离子表面活性剂(CMESA)。通过元素分析和红外光谱等分析方法确定其化学结构。用乙醇为溶剂,pH为9-10,温度为45℃时反应1h后得到92%的产物.滴体积法测表面张力(γ)和临界胶团浓度(cmc),在25℃下其cmc为5.4×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1),在cmc时的γ_(cmc)= 40.20 mN·m~(-1).     

双长链酯胺的合成工艺条件对产物组成的影响

在三乙醇胺脂肪酸酯型双长链酯基季铵盐的合成中，单／双／三长链的比例对其性能具有重要的影响．采用高效液相色谱，对三乙醇胺双硬脂酸酯的酯化工艺条件(反应温度、反应时间、反应物配比、催化剂及其用量等)与酯化产物中单、双、三酯含量之间的关系进行了研究．发现较高的反应温度可使单酯含量降低，双酯、三酯含量升高；合适的催化剂和反应时间有利于双酯含量的提高．在较高的反应温度(170℃)下，综合选择合适的反应物的物质的量比、反应时问和催化剂，可获得双酯含量迭61％的产物．     

脂肪酸二乙醇胺硼酸酯的合成工艺研究

本文用脂肪酸和二乙醇胺反应合成烷醇酰胺，烷醇酰胺与硼酸反应生成硼酸酯类表面活性剂。对脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺和硼酸酯的合成工艺条件进行了优化。脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺及脂肪酸二乙醇胺硼酸酯的结构用红外光谱进行了表征。     

乙二醇双硬脂酸酯双磺酸钠的合成及结构表征

运用两步法与正交试验法得出乙二醇双硬脂酸酯双磺酸钠合成的优化反应条件.磺化的工艺条件:n(硬脂酸):n(氯磺酸)=1:1.1,磺化温度90℃,时间7h;酯化反应较佳的工艺条件为:n(中间体):n(乙二醇)=2.5:1.0,酯化温度130℃,时间10h.中间体α-磺酸硬脂酸和目标产物乙二醇双硬脂酸酯双磺酸钠,均由红外光谱印证结构.     

含长链脂肪醇酯基双子表面活性剂合成及催化性能

以丙酮为溶剂,二(二甲基胺基乙基)邻苯二甲酸酯分别与氯乙酸正十二醇酯、氯乙酸正十四醇酯及氯乙酸正十六醇酯回流反应36 h,得到3种含长链脂肪醇酯基季铵盐双子表面活性剂C12、C14、C16,收率80%.采用两相滴定法测定了其纯度,采用电导法测定了其CMC值分别是2.6×10-4、3.6×10-5,8.02×10-6.在无水乙酸钠与对甲基氯苄反应中,研究了C16的催化性能.当其浓度为0.004 394 mol.L-1,该反应活化能(Ea)相对于不加催化剂降低了18.59 kJ.mol-1,具有良好的催化性能.     

乳化剂芥酸蔗糖酯的合成

以蔗糖、芥酸为原料,首先芥酸甲酯化合成芥酸甲酯;然后以硬脂酸钾为乳化剂,使芥酸甲酯与蔗糖在较低温度下达到相溶状态,在均相条件下进行酯交换反应合成芥酸蔗糖酯.考察了不同的糖酯比、反应温度、反应时间等对芥酸蔗糖酯产率的影响,得到了较佳的反应条件:n(蔗糖)∶n(芥酸甲酯)=1.5∶1;乳化剂(硬脂酸钾)用量为6%;催化剂(碳酸钾)用量为7%;反应时间为4 h;反应温度为135℃.芥酸蔗糖酯的产率(以单酯含量计)为46.57%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~