脂酶催化的3,3’-联二噻吩衍生物的不对称合成

3,3’-联二噻吩是一类重要的结构单元,广泛应用于不对称催化、有机电子材料和药物化学等领域。利用脂酶催化的不对称乙酰化反应实现了手性3,3’-联二噻吩衍生物的合成,制备了（S)-4,4’-二溴-2,2’-二羟曱基-3,3’-联二噻吩,对映体过量（ee)值为94%。该不对称合成方法具有无毒、操作方便和易分离提纯等优点。     

高选择性拆分α-苯乙醇的研究

手性α-苯乙醇是合成多种手性药物的重要中间体,文章设计了一种反应条件温和、产率高、选择性优的拆分手性α-苯乙醇的方法。该方法将外消旋的α-苯乙醇与邻苯二甲酸酐作用生成邻苯二甲酸单酯,然后以手性α-苯乙胺为手性拆分剂,三乙胺为拆分助剂,在乙醇和丙酮的混合溶剂中进行二次重结晶,从而获得产率为80.5%、对映体过量(enantiomeric excess,ee)值高达99.1%的手性α-苯乙醇。     

非手性添加剂对手性锌催化不对称硼氢化的影响

使用二乙基锌制备手性联萘酚-锌催化剂，用于催化硼烷对苯乙酮的不对称硼氢化，在仅使用30％配体的情况下，对映选择性可达53％ee。在进一步研究非手性添加剂三乙基胺(Et3N)和四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA)对该手性锌催化的不对称硼氢化反应的影响时发现，非手性添加剂对手性锌催化的不对称硼氢化有不利影响，这一结果提示手性锌催化不对称烷基化反应与手性锌催化的不对称硼氢化反应有不同的作用机理，为进一步探索不对称催化反应机理提供有意义的信息。     

室温有机催化1,3-偶极环加成反应合成苯并吡喃[4,3-b]吡咯类化合物

该文设计合成了(1R)-2,2'-二羟基-N,N'-双((2-甲基环己基)氨基甲硫酰基)[1,1'-联萘]-3,3'-二甲酰胺(1a)等4种催化剂,并将其用于不对称催化亚甲胺叶里德的1,3-偶极环加成反应合成苯并吡喃[4,3-b]吡咯化合物.实验结果表明:在室温下,以物质的量分数为10%的1d作为催化剂,以CH₂Cl₂为溶剂,苯并吡喃[4,3-b]吡咯化合物的产率(88%)较高,且产物具有较高(86%)的对映选择性.该反应具有环境友好、反应条件温和、催化剂经济易得和操作简单等优点.     

手性BINOLC-Ti自组装催化剂的合成及其在不对称催化硫醚氧化中的应用

利用多齿手性1,1'-联二萘酚(BINOL)与Ti(OiPr)4在溶剂中通过自组装方式形成一种不溶性高聚物,然后将其用于不对称催化氧化硫醚成亚砜的反应.研究表明制备的自组装Ti-BI-NOL催化剂均有较好的催化性能,ee值高达98%;配体的连接桥和反应溶剂对催化剂催化性能均有较大的影响.     

双功能轴手性联二萘酚酰胺催化蒽酮和硝基烯烃的不对称Michael加成反应

探讨了双功能轴手性联二萘酚酰胺(1b)有机小分子催化蒽酮与硝基烯烃不对称Michael加成反应.研究表明,在35℃条件下,CH_2Cl_2中,0.050 mmol(x=10%)的催化剂存在下,反应20 h,蒽酮与硝基烯烃能有效的进行Michael加成反应,获得较好的产率(79%~88%)和较高的对映选择性(最高85% ee).     

手性含氮四齿配体催化苯丙酮的不对称氢转移氢化

利用8-羟基喹啉与手性环己基二胺的反应，合成了对空气和水稳定的手性含氮四齿配体（R，R）-C5N4；进而分别与钌、铑或铱等金属络合物组合，现场生成催化体系，用于苯丙酮的不对称氢转移氢化反应；考察了碱添加量、配体用量和底物与催化剂用量摩尔比对反应性能的影响．结果表明，该配体与RhHCO（PPh3）3的混合体系效果较好，可得到68％ee的对映选择性．     

一种新型手性催化剂的合成及其催化的不对称羟醛缩合反应

以L-脯氨酸为原料,通过氨基保护、去保护等3步反应得到手性催化剂,其结构经HNMR确证,化合物4对映选择性催化直接羟醛反应,产率高达70％以上,ee值高达60％以上．     

含氮手性及外消旋配体与铑络合物在苯乙酮不对称氢转移反应中的应用

将由手性配体(1S,2S)-N-对甲苯磺酰基-1,2-二苯基乙二胺与铑金属络合物二-μ-氯-二(1,5-环辛二烯)二铑;外消旋配体(±)-1,1'-联-2-萘胺、手性活化剂(1S,2S)-1,2-二苯基乙二胺与铑金属络合物二-μ-氯-二(1,5-环辛二烯)二铑组成的两种催化剂体系用于催化苯乙酮的不对称氢化反应.由气相色谱法及旋光测定法对反应物的转化率及产物的光学纯度分析的结果表明,手性配体和铑金属络合物组成的手性配体催化体系对苯乙酮的转化率为5.11%,产物的光学纯度为72.16%;而外消旋配体、手性活化剂与铑金属络合物组成的外消旋配体催化体系对苯乙酮的转化率为42.84%,产物的光学纯度为16.17%,由此说明手性配体催化体系较外消旋配体催化体系表现出更高的光学选择性.     

一种有机小分子催化剂的合成及其催化的不对称羟醛=缩合反应

以L-脯氨酸为原料,通过氨基保护,羧基酯化,格氏反应,去保护等5步反应得到手性催化剂6,5步的总产率为43%;其结构经HNMR确证.化合物6对映选择性催化直接羟醛反应,产率高迭80%以上;ee值高达60%以上.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that