厦门近海横带髭鲷野生群体遗传结构分析

采用RAPD和ISSR分子标记技术对厦门近海横带髭鲷野生群体46个个体进行遗传多样性分析.在RAPD分析中筛选出31个随机引物,共扩增产生235个可统计的条带,其中多态性条带106个,多态位点百分率为45.11%,Shannon's遗传多样性指数为0.243 0;在ISSR分析中筛选出16个ISSR引物,共扩增产生119个可统计的条带,其中多态性条带76个,多态位点百分率为63.78%,Shannon's遗传多样性指数为0.348 9.与其它鱼类横向对比显示,厦门近海横带髭鲷野生群体的遗传变异处于中上水平,具有较高的遗传多样性.     

野生和栽培紫丁香种群遗传多样性的比较研究

采用ISSR分子标记技术,对采自阜新丁香岭、海棠山和朝阳云蒙山、石洞沟村的4个紫丁香野生种群和大连英歌石植物园的1个栽培种群的153个个体进行了遗传多样性分析和比较.11个ISSR引物从紫丁香基因组总DNA中共扩增出82条带.分析结果表明:在物种水平上,紫丁香种群的多态性条带百分率(PPB)、Nei's基因多样性指数(h)、Shannon信息指数(I)分别为95.12%、0.360 1、0.530 4,其遗传分化系数(Gst)和基因流(Nm)分别为0.137 6和3.133 2.在种群水平上,4个野生种群HTS、SDG、DXL、YMS的多态性条带百分率分别为86.59%、73.17%、78.05%、73.17%,而栽培种群YGS的多态性条带百分率为69.51%,野生种群比栽培种群表现出较高的遗传多样性.     

濒危植物五小叶槭(Acer pentaphyllum Diels)天然种群遗传多样性的ISSR标记分析

五小叶槭(Acer pentaphyllum Diels)是中国四川特有野生珍稀濒危植物,仅分布于雅砻江中上游干旱河谷地带;探索其遗传多样性特征可以为其遗传资源的保护和利用提供理论依据.本文采用ISSR技术对五小叶槭的5个野生种群的44份材料进行遗传多样性分析,8条引物总共检测到38个位点,其中多态性位点35个,多态位点百分率(PPL)平均为90.21%.应用分析软件Popgen32分析得出:在物种水平上,五小叶槭的香农多样性指数(I)为0.3924,Nei氏基因多样性指数(H_e)为0.2498;种群间基因分化系数(G_(st))为0.3722,种群间的基因流(N_m)为0.8433,这表明五小叶槭的遗传变异主要存在于种群内.在种群水平上,香农多样性指数(I)为0.2125, Nei氏基因多样性指数(H_e)为0.1456.结果表明木里、九龙三垭宫和康定这3个种群的遗传多样性水平较高,而雅江和九龙洛莫种群遗传多样性较低.通过Mantel检测,种群间遗传距离和地理距离之间没有显著相关性.     

昆明西山野生蘡薁葡萄资源及其遗传多样性分析

调查了昆明西山野生蘡薁葡萄(Vitis bryoniaegolia Bge)的分布特征,并利用RAPD分子标记对其5个群体的遗传多样性进行了分析.采用5个RAPD引物扩增,共产生71条DNA条带,其中多态条带68条.在物种水平上,蘡薁葡萄多态位点百分率(PPB)为95.77%,Nei's基因多样性指数(H)为0.3442,Shannon's多样性信息指数(Hsp)为0.5100;在群体水平上,PPB差异较大(35.21%～84.51%),平均值为60.85%,H平均为0.2234,Ho平均为0.3305.各群体间的Nei's遗传一致度(I)范围为0.7171～0.9489.基于Nei's遗传多样性分析得出的群体间遗传分化系数Gst=0.3269,表明西山蘡薁葡萄的遗传多样性主要来源与群体内而不是群体间.Mantel检测发现,群体间的遗传距离和物理距离之间呈显著的正相关(r=0.981,P=0.0190.05).     

海南海桑遗传多样性的ISSR研究

采用简单序列重复区间扩增(ISSR)分子标记技术对分布于海南岛的海南海桑Sonneratia hainanensis 4个种群共33个个体进行了遗传变异分析.11条引物共扩增出166条带,其中142条具多态性,多态位点百分率为85.54%.在种群水平上多态位点百分率14.46%～80.12%,平均为46.24%.期望杂合度、Shannon信息指数在物种水平上分别为:0.232 9和0.361 9;在种群水平上分别为0.153 8和0.231 7.依据Gst值,海南海桑遗传变异发生在种群内的个体间占75.89%,24.11%的遗传变异发生在种群间.UPGMA聚类结果为来自文昌的2个天然种群聚为一类,东寨港引种栽培的2个人工种群聚为另一类.Mantel检验表明海南海桑种群间的遗传距离与地理距离间存在显著的正相关(P＜0.05).种群遗传多样性与环境因子间的相关性分析表明:海南海桑的遗传多样性水平与土壤总氮量、有机质含量呈显著负相关(P＜0.05).     

青藏高原东缘克隆植物珠芽蓼的RAPD遗传多样性研究

以青藏高原分布广泛的克隆植物珠芽蓼(Polygonum viviparum)为研究材料,采用RAPD技术分析了珠芽蓼在不同海拔下7个自然种群的遗传多样性.通过贝叶斯法估测了种群的遗传分化程度,同时与其它算法(Nei遗传分化系数GST等)作以比较.13条随机引物共扩增出117条带,多态性位点PPL为84,多态位点比率PPL为71.79%,但种群水平平均多态位点比率仅为32.60%.求出θ B(Hickory)=0.602 3,同种群间基因分化系数GST=0.575 3较为接近,种群间基因分化大于种群内基因分化.AMOVA分析显示,在全部变异中,66.59%的遗传变异存在于种群间,33.41%的遗传变异存在于种群内.用POPGENE 32软件分析表明,珠芽蓼具有较高的遗传多样性,种群总的Nei's基因多样性为0.289 1,总的Shannon信息多样性指数为0.420 7,但各种群内遗传多样性水平则较低.种群内平均Nei's基因多样性为0.122 7,平均Shannon信息指数为0.180 4;基因流Nm=0.369 1,种群的基因交流很少.UPGMA聚类分析结果显示,7个种群中P1和P2先聚类,P5、P6, P4、P7分别聚在一起,最后与P3合为一支.相关性结果表明,遗传距离与海拔梯度、地理距离均相关不显著.     

内蒙古高原荒漠区红砂的ISSR遗传多样性研究

在内蒙古高原荒漠区依照红砂的自然分布,按湿润度梯度,选取了4个样点进行考察、取样,应用ISSR分子标记,对红砂种群的遗传多样性进行研究.结果表明:14条ISSR引物扩增出307个条带,多态位点百分率为99.02%,揭示了红砂基因组具有丰富的多态性.4个红砂种群Nei遗传多样性指数的变化范围在0.1962~0.2392,Shannon信息指数的变化范围在0.3006~0.3658.分子变异分析表明,在总的遗传变异中有27.67%的变异发生在群体间,有72.33%的变异发生在群体内,种群间有高度的遗传分化.分布在极度干旱的典型荒漠中的红砂种群与其他种群的遗传距离最大,群落组成单一,具有特殊性和脆弱性,应重视保护与合理利用.     

基于RAPD标记的罗布麻野生居群遗传多样性分析

利用RAPD技术对采自我国8个省份的9个罗布麻野生居群进行遗传多样性分析.从80条随机引物中筛选出17条引物,共扩增出157条带,其中多态性带108条.物种水平的多态位点百分率(PPB)为68.79%,Nei’s基因多样性指数H为0.2296,Shannon’s多态性信息指数I为0.3390.居群间的遗传分化系数Gst为0.8841,即11.59%的遗传变异来自于居群内,88.41%的遗传变异来自于居群间,居群间的遗传分化水平远高于居群内.居群间遗传距离与聚类结果显示各居群间的亲缘关系与地理分布不完全相关.针对现有罗布麻的遗传多样性现状,建议加强对现有自然居群的保护.     

井冈山长柄双花木种群遗传多样性与遗传分化

采用不连续系统垂直板聚丙烯配胺凝胶电泳技术，对分布在井冈山的长柄双花木5个种群的5种同工酶进行了研究．结果表明：长柄双花木种群表现出相对较高的遗传多样性水平．测出的多态位点百分数P＝62．70％，平均等位基因数4＝1．63个，平均等位基因数有效数Ne＝1.55．种群间的遗传距离为0．01-0．13，其Gst＝0．09，表明不同种群间的基因分化程度相对较低．种群间分化的时间为4．10-65．32万年，基因流Nm＝2．30．     

中国大鲵5个野生种群的AFLP分析

 采用AFLP技术对中国大鲵四川、贵州、湖北、陕西及河南五个野生种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化水平进行了评估。9对引物组合在5个野生种群中共扩增出507条带,其中多态性条带为354。多态位点比例（69.82%）、香农信息指数（0.362 9）和基因多样性指数（0.241 4）等参数均较高,显示中国大鲵遗传多样性水平较为丰富。AMOVA分析发现,中国大鲵遗传多样性绝大部分位于种群内（97.94%）。种群间遗传分化较弱（Фst = 0.021,P<0.001）。根据种群间遗传距离构建的UPGMA树基本依照流域进行聚类,结合化石证据,推测中国大鲵由北向南进行扩散。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.