用反相高效液相色谱法测定农药草甘膦含量的研究

建立了柱前衍生紫外检测的反相高效液相色谱法,并用其测定了草甘膦原药压制剂中草甘膦的含量．色谱条件为ODS色谱拄,流动相y（甲醇）：y（水）=2：98,其中水相含w=0．1％的磷酸,流速为0＋8mL／min,紫外检测波长为240nm,拄温为室温．实验表明,草甘膦的线性范围为0．008～0．040mg／mL,平均回收率为101％．该方法简便、灵敏、准确,可作为草甘膦农药质量控制的一种新方法．     

草甘膦合成工艺优化探讨——水份和水解温度对草甘膦合成收率的影响

本文采用亚磷酸二甲酯路线全成草甘膦，研究了水份对草甘膦合成收率的影响，提出了反应体系中的水份含量与草甘膦总收率的关系式，探讨了酸性水解条件，确定了适宜的水解温度。     

2-氯吡啶氮氧化物的合成方法研究

对以2-氯吡啶为原料、双氧水为氧化剂、钨酸和硫酸为催化剂合成2-氯吡啶-N-氧化物的方法进行了反复实验．该方法的最佳反应条件为：催化剂浓H2SO4与2-氯吡啶的体积分数为0．2：1．0～0．3：1．0，2-氯吡啶与钨酸的物质的量比为18．5：1—20．8：1，反应中H2O2与2-氯吡啶的物质的量比为1．3：1～1．5：1，反应最适温度为70～80℃，满足这些条件的反应产率为90％以上．     

Cs2．5H0．5PWl2O40／SiO2固体酸催化剂上乙酸与烯烃的酯化和叔戊烯与甲醇的醚化

以硅胶为载体，制备了负载型的Cs2．5H0．5PWl2O40催化剂，将该催化剂用于乙酸与1—丁烯的酯化反应和叔戊烯与甲酵的醚化反应，考察了其活性组分负载量、载体硅胶性质和焙烧温度对催化剂性能的影响．研究了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应压力、n(1—丁烯)／n(乙酸)、反应时间等反应条件对酯化反应中乙酸转化率的影响．与其他类型催化剂的醚化活性进行了对比，并进行了Cs2．5H0．5PWl2O40／SiO2催化剂的醚化稳定性实验．结果表明，以低钠硅胶为载体，在活性组分负载量为40％，焙烧温度为300—400℃时制备的Cs2．5H0．5PWl2O40／SiO2催化剂具有较高的催化活性．随着负载量增大，催化剂孔径、孔容和比表面积减小，而催化活性先增加后减小．在反应温度120℃、压力1．5MPa、n(1—丁烯)／n(乙酸)比3．0、催化剂用量4％、反应时间7h的条件下进行酯化反应，乙酸的转化率为87．36％．在反应温度80℃、压力1．0MPa、n(甲酵)／n(叔戊烯)比1．1、LHSV为1h^-1的条件下进行醚化反应，叔戊烯的转化率为68．57％．制备的新型Cs2．5H0．5PWl2O40／SiO2催化剂对于乙酸与1—丁烯的直接酯化反应和叔戊烯与甲酵的醚化反应具有良好的活性与选择性，催化剂寿命长．因此，Cs2．5H0．5PWl2O40／SiO2是一种理想的乙酸与烯烃直接酯化和叔戊烯与甲酵醚化反应的催化剂．     

水稻基因组DNA的RAPD扩增研究

通过对水稻RAPD反应条件比较研究，建立了对除草剂敏感致死水稻RAPD的最适反应体系和反应扩增程序，即在25止反应体系中，含10mmol／LTris-HCl(pH8．0)，10mmol／LKCI，8mmol／L(NH4)2804，0．05％NP-40，2．0mmol／LMgCl2，0．1mmol／L(each)dTNPs，20ng引物，20ng基因组DNA，1．5U的Taq酶。反应扩增程序为：94℃变性2min；扩增40个循环，每循环包括：94℃变性10s，40℃退火30s，72℃延伸1．5min；最终延伸5min。     

7O％森草净等几种除草剂在幼林化学除草中的应用研究

研究结果表明，不同除草剂在幼林化学除草中应用，在相同条件下，70％森草净的除草效果最好，72％的2，4-D丁脂除草效果相对较差；采用喷药与深翻相配套的技术措施与对照之间，除草率相差34％；在同一药品剂量相同的条件下，药液中加入的除草剂助剂不同，除草效果因助荆的不同除草效果有差别，加入0．2柴油的除草率较加0．03洗衣粉的高2．8％，较不加助剂高6．7％；10％草甘膦与72％2，4-D丁脂混用，除草率分别比10％草甘膦和72％2，4-丁脂单用提高11．1％和18％。     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成异丁酸丁酯

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂催化合成了异丁酸丁酯，确定了酯化优化条件。实验结果表明，最佳反应条件是：醇酸摩尔比为1．4：1．0，异丁酸用量为0．1mol的情况下，催化剂用量为0．5g，带水剂苯为5mL，反应时间2．0h，反应温度为108℃～124℃，精酯的收率达到92．4％。     

无机盐催化合成丙酸丁酯绿色化学新工艺

以硫酸氢钠为催化荆，对丙酸丁酯的合成工艺进行了研究，在优化条件下，丙酸丁酯的收率达99．5％。最佳工艺条件是：丙酸0．1mol，正丁醇0．14mol，反应时间90min，硫酸氢钠0．3g，反应温度140℃。     

辛二腈加氢制取辛二胺的研究

以骨架镍作为加氢催化剂,在乙醇溶剂中,液相加氢还原辛二腈制备辛二胺,分析了加氢反应体系,骨架镍催化剂制备条件和加氢反应条件对辛二腈加氢反应的影响,在催化剂加入量为5．0％－15．0％,氢压为0．1－0．5MPa,剂料比为0．2－5的条件下,辛二腈转化率可达100％,辛二胺收率达96％以上,正交实验结果表明,在催化剂用量较低的条件下,可以通过提高反应氢压和剂料比的方法改善加氢效果,研究还表明,在相同的加氢条件下,Ni/Al2O3没有加氢活性。     

β-苯胺基丙烯醛缩苯胺的简便合成

以丙炔醇为原料，经三氧化铬氧化生成丙炔醛后，直接与苯胺反应简便地合成了β-苯胺基丙烯醛缩苯胺．通过正交实验的方法优化了反应条件，得出最佳反应条件为：6．3mL（0．10mol）丙炔醇中加入8．5g（0．085mol）三氧化铬的硫酸水溶液，氧化反应2h后，有机相在冰浴（200mL）冷却下再与25mL（0．25mol）苯胺和63mL 10％盐酸反应得到β-苯胺基丙烯醛缩苯胺盐酸盐，收率为48．4％．将该盐酸盐溶于甲醇与氢氧化钠溶液作用得β-苯胺基丙烯醛缩苯胺．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that