Antibody against purified viper neurotoxin

Résumé L'anticorps contre la neurotoxine du venin deVipera palestinae est obtenu chez des lapins par immunisation de la neurotoxine purifiée liée à la cellulose carbométhylique.

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This work is part of a thesis submitted byN. Shaham to the

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This work is part of a thesis submitted byN. Shaham to the

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This work is part of a thesis submitted byN. Shaham to the

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This work is part of a thesis submitted byN. Shaham to the

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This work is part of a thesis submitted byN. Shaham to the     

The effect of a single dose of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea on the fine structure of the brain of the rat

Résumé Une forte dose de composé carcinogène N-éthyle-N-nitrosourée (ENU) a été injectée à des rats Wistar mâles adultes: des changements ultrastructuraux des cerveaux furent observés. La dégénérescence et la nécrose des oligodendrocytes, l'oedème des astrocytes et l'accroissement du nombre des corps denses dans les cellules gliales ont été les réactions du cerveau à ce stimulus chimique.

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I wish to thank Dr.M. Kremer, Director of the Department of Neurological Studies; and Drs.A. R. Lieberman andP. Kleihues and also Mr.A. L. E. Barron for the photographic work. I am particularly indebted to Dr.Helen Grant and the staff of the Department of Neuropathology, Bland-Sutton Institute, for their continual help and advice.     

Developmenal studies inDrosophila. X. developmental eletrophoretic pattern of salivary gland unspecific proteins inD. pallidipennis

Résumé Les protéines présentes dans les glandes salivaires deDrosophila pallidipennis ont été analysées grâce à une technique de microélectrophorèse discale. Les variations observées pendant le développement de la larve et de la jeune pupe on été comparées avec celles deDrosophila pseudoobscura. II semble que certaines variations soient le résultat de phénomènes communs à toutes les espèces du genreDrosophila.

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Supported in part by grants No. GM-16 736-03 and No. FR-05 426-09 from the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. The author was a holder of a University of Texas predoctoral fellowship during the course of this investigation.     

Oberflächenspannung und Schallgeschwindigkeit

Summary The preceding empirical relation was found between the surface tension of liquids, the specific weight of liquids, and the velocity of sound:=6.3 · 10^{–4 3/2}. In place of the vèocity of sound can be used, with suitable changes in the equation, the compressibility or, in the case of solid substances, the elasticity of the material in question. The range of validity of this relation is so large that it is possible by means of it to calculate the surface tension of solid substances and of gases.     

Preliminary note on the occurrence of a biological compound showing fluorescence characteristics similar to that of NADH

Résumé La base de Schiff formée à partir de pyridoxalphosphate et d'un acide aminé présente une fluorescence dont les caractéristiques spectrales sont similaires à celles du NADH. Les possibilités éventuelles de faire la distinction entre le signal émis par la base de Schiff et le NADH au cours de travaux réalisés avec les microfluorimètres utilisés pour étudier les modifications du niveau d'oxydoréduction des nucléotides de la pyridine sont discutées.

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Chercheur qualifié du F.N.R.S.

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Acknowledgment. We wish to thank ProfessorJöbsis of the Department of Physiology, Duke University, North Carolina, who initiated one of us (R. Gilles) in the microfluorimetric techniques on intact tissues.     

On the contamination of the Murphy-Sturm lymphosarcoma with a pleuropneumonia-like organism

Résumé La terramycine et la néomycine ne parviennent pas à décontaminer le lymphosarcome de Murphy-Sturm infecté par un «pleuropneumonia-like organism». Il a été constaté que ce microorganisme est transmissible à d'autres tumeurs transplantables. Le rat porteur d'une tumeur infectée devient résistant à l'induction d'arthrite par l'exsudat d'une tumeur homologue. L'exsudat d'un lymphosarcome de Murphy-Sturm provenant d'un autre laboratoire est également doué de propriétés arthritogènes.

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This work was supported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute of Canada. The authors also gratefully acknowledge generous gifts of terramycin from Pfizer Canada, Montreal, and neomycin from The Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, U.S.A.

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Medical Research Associate of the National Research Council of Canada.     

Zur Stratigraphie der säugetierführenden Schichten von Java

Summary According to recent geological and paleontological investigations thePithecanthropus-beds of Java are pleistocene in age. The examinations of the fossil mammalian faunæ of the island are of utmost importance for this age-determination and the following faunæ can be recognized:Tji Djolang-fauna: Middle Pliocene.Kali Glagah-fauna: Upper Pliocene.Djetis-fauna withPithecanthropus: Lower Pleistocene.Trinil-fauna withPithecanthropus: Middle Pleistocene.Ngandong-fauna withHomo neanderthalensis soloensis: Upper Pleistocene.Sampoeng-fauna with a primitive type of the Wedda-Dravida-Australoid group: Subrecent. — Micropaleontological examinations of smallerForaminifera from marine equivalents of thePithecanthropus-beds confirm the age-determinations based on mammalia. — Recent field investigations prove that the lower and middle pleistocenePithecanthropus-beds are distinctlyfolded by a post-middle-pleistocene movement; the upper pleistocene Ngandong-terraces are not folded at all.     

Aristotele e l'incommensurabilità

Riassunto Aristotele accenna a due diverse dimostrazioni della incommensurabilità tra lato e diagonale di uno stesso quadrato, una esatta e l'altra, avverte, errata. Nel presente lavoro viene presa in esame quest'ultima proponendone una ricostruzione in connessione, come é accennato da Aristotele, con le argomentazioni di Zenone.Nel corso del lavoro vengono esaminati due altri brani di Aristotele attraverso i quali é possibile osservare un momento dello sviluppo matematico dell'algoritmo euclideo e il cosiddetto postulato di Eudosso-Archimede nel più vasto ambito dei primi contatti con problemi di analisi infinitesimale.Nell'Appendice, poi, vengono elencati tutti i brani di Aristotele raccolti dall'autore sulla detta incommensurabilità.

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Summary Aristotle mentions two different demonstrations of the incommensurability of side with diagonal of the same square, one of which is correct, and the other, as he points out, incorrect. This work examines the latter suggesting a reconstruction of it in connection, as Aristotle mentioned, with Zeno's argumentations.In the course of this work, two other passages by Aristotle are examined, by which it is possible to observe a moment of the mathematical development of the Euclidean algorithm and the so called Axiom of Eudoxus-Archimedes in the broader ambit of early contacts with problems of infinitesimal analysis.In the Appendix, secondly, all the passages by Aristotle regarding incommensurability gathered by the author are listed.

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Résumé Aristote parle de deux différentes démonstrations de l'incommensurabilité entre le côté et la diagonale d'un même carré, une exacte et l'autre, nous prévient-il, inexacte. Dans ce travail on examine cette dernière démonstration en connexion, comme Aristote lui-même le suggère, avec les argumentations de Zénon.Au cours du travail l'auteur examine deux autres morceaux d'Aristote, à travers lesquels il est possible d'observer un moment du développement mathématique de l'algorithme euclidien et ce qu'on appelle le postulat d'Eudoxe-Archimède dans le domaine bien plus vaste des premiers contacts avec des problèmes d'analyse infinitésimale.Dans l'appendice on peut trouver la liste de tous les morceaux d'Aristote que l'auteur a rassemblés sur la susdite incommensurabilité.

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Memoria presentata da C. Truesdell     

Suppression of erythropoiesis by administration of deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone

Résumé Les stéroïdes surrénaux, déoxycorticostérone et corticostérone font diminuer l'érythropoïèse chez la souris femelle. La suppression produite par le corticostérone a lieu plus tôt et est plus grande que celle qui résulte du traitement au déoxycorticostérone.

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Supported by grants from the United Medical Research Foundation of North Carolina and the Foundation of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.     

Über Struktur und Aktivität der den H2O2-Zerfall katalysierenden Cu2+-Komplexe. — VI. Differenzierung von nativer RNS und nativer DNS bzw. denaturierter DNS auf Grund der katalytischen Eigenschaften

Summary The catalysis of H₂O₂ decomposition by Cu²⁺-complexes of RNA and DNA has been investigated. It is shown that both complexes decompose H₂O₂, but only the Cu²⁺-RNA-system shows peroxidative activity too, e.g. only in this case the nucleotide bases are degraded. Thermal denaturation of DNA also leads to a Cu²⁺-complex with peroxidative activity, the latter being dependent on the degree of denaturation.

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V. Mitteilung:S. Petri, H. Sigel undH. Erlenmeyer, Helv. chim. Acta49, 1778 (1966).

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12. Mitteilung überMetallionen und H ₂ O ₂; 11. Mitteilung:H. Ch. Curtius, P. Anders, R. Zell, H. Sigel undH. Erlenmeyer, Helv. chim. Acta49, 2256 (1966).     

Pierre Duhem’s epistemic aims and the intellectual virtue of humility: a reply to Ivanova

David Stump (2007) has recently argued that Pierre Duhem can be interpreted as a virtue epistemologist. Stump’s claims have been challenged by Milena Ivanova (2010) on the grounds that Duhem’s ‘epistemic aims’ are more modest than those of virtue epistemologists. I challenge Ivanova’s criticism of Stump by arguing that she not distinguish between ‘reliabilist’ and ‘responsibilist’ virtue epistemologies. Once this distinction is drawn, Duhem clearly emerges as a ‘virtue-responsibilist’ in a way that complements Ivanova’s positive proposal that Duhem’s ‘good sense’ reflects a conception of the ‘ideal scientist’. I support my proposal that Duhem is a ‘virtue-responsibilist’ by arguing that his rejection of the possibility of our producing a ‘perfect theory’ reflects the key responsibilist virtue of ‘intellectual humility’.     

Announcement of the Editor-in-Chief

Announcement.  As decided in July 2005 we continue to publish once a year (in July) the names of the authors and the titles of the two most read (by Internet) Research Papers and Reviews published in Cell. Mol. Life Sci. the previous year. Thus we have the pleasure to provide you with the results of 2005. Research Articles  

The effect of phenazine methosulfate on the activity of dehydrogenases as studied by starch gel electrophoresis

Résumé L'effet de la phenazine methosulfate (PMS) sur l'activité de plusieurs enzymes oxydatifs a été étudié. En tant que transporteur d'électron, la PMS a un rôle important sur la coloration des isoenzymes séparés par électrophorèse en gel d'amidon. En ce qui concerne la déshydrogénase lactique, un excès de PMS provoque une coloration diffuse, alors que dans le cas de la déshydrogénase succinique on observe l'apparition de «bandes négatives» qui n'ont pas encore été décrites.

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This work was supported by grants Nos. HEO4553, HeO45691, and FRO0165 of the National Institute of Health. The technical assistance of Mr. R.Hernandez is gratefully acknowledged.     

Peritubular capillary permeability of albumin in saline and water diuresis

Résumé Ce travail compare le passage de l'albumine marquée, de l'inuline, et du thiosulfate à partir du lit capillaire dans la lymphe rénale capsulaire et hilaire, chez le chien soumis à des diurèses salines et aqueuses. Les résultats suggèrent que la perméabilité capillaire péritubulaire est influencée de mainière différente par la variation des conditions de diurèse.

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The authors gratefully acknowledge the advice of Dr.K. L. Zierler and the technical assistance of MissM. J. Sypula     

The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase: structural aspects and activation mechanism

Flavocytochrome b ₅₅₈ is the catalytic core of the respiratory-burst oxidase, an enzyme complex that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of O₂ into the superoxide anion O₂ ^- in phagocytic cells. Flavocytochrome b ₅₅₈ is anchored in the plasma membrane. It is a heterodimer that consists of a large glycoprotein gp91phox (phox for phagocyte oxidase) (β subunit) and a small protein p22phox (α subunit). The other components of the respiratory-burst oxidase are water-soluble proteins of cytosolic origin, namely p67phox, p47phox, p40phox and Rac. Upon cell stimulation, they assemble with the membrane-bound flavocytochrome b ₅₅₈ which becomes activated and generates O₂ ^-. A defect in any of the genes encoding gp91phox, p22phox, p67phox or p47phox results in chronic granulomatous disease, a genetic disorder characterized by severe and recurrent infections, illustrating the role of O₂ ^- and the derived metabolites H₂O₂ and HOCl in host defense against invading microorganisms. The electron carriers, FAD and hemes b, and the binding site for NADPH are confined to the gp91phox subunit of flavocytochrome b ₅₅₈ . The p22phox subunit serves as a docking site for the cytosolic phox proteins. This review provides an overview of current knowledge on the structural organization of the O₂ ^--generating flavocytochrome b ₅₅₈ , its kinetics, its mechanism of activation and the regulation of its biosynthesis. Homologues of gp91phox, called Nox and Duox, are present in a large variety of non-phagocytic cells. They exhibit modest O₂ ^--generating oxidase activity, and some act as proton channels. Their role in various aspects of signal transduction is currently under investigation and is briefly discussed. Received 28 May 2002; received after revision 20 June 2002; accepted 24 June 2002     

Concerning the free amino acids in the hydroid tubularia

Résumé La composition de l'amine acide libre dans les deux espèces deTubularia a été examinée au moyen de la chromatographie. Les tissus d'hydranthe deT. crocea avaient 21 amines acides libres dont 18 ont été identifiées dans les hydrocauli et dans les hydranthes régénérés deT. crocea, 19 dans les hydranthes deT. spectabilis et 14 dans les hydrocauli deT. spectabilis. La différence principale entre les hydranthes et les hydrocauli réside dans la distribution de certaines taches non-identifiées qui apparurent dans les chromatogrammes developpés avec la ninhydrine et les réactifs pour les groupes des imidazoles, guanidines, ou sulfhydriles.

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Part of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Florida State University. Aided by a National Science Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship and a National Science Foundation Grant to Dr. C. B.Metz, Contribution number 122 from the Oceanographic Institute, Florida State University.     

The isolation of mossy fibre endings from the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex

Résumé Les boutons terminaux des fibres moussues du cervelet ont été separés des petits boutons de la couche moléculaire après homogénéisation et fractionnement. La fusion intracytoplasmique des vésicules synaptiques se produisant sous l'effet de la chaleur indiquerait un mécanisme de libération du médiateur.

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The work was supported by USPHS grant No. NB 03928-03 from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness. The electron microscope was provided by the Wellcome Trust. The participation of Dr.M. N. Sheridan in the early stages of this work and the technical assistance of MissL. Swales are gratefully acknowledged.     

Polarographic determination of the reaction rate of the second step in an SN1 displacement

Zusammenfassung Die Zeitabhängigkeit des polarographischen Stromes, welche man bei der gemäss SN1 verlaufenden Hydrolyse vonp-Methoxy-2-phenylpropylchlorid beobachtet, ermöglicht die Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeitskonstantenk ₁ der Gesamtreaktion sowie auch der Geschwindigkeitskonstantenk ₂ des zweiten raschen Schrittes, welcher nach pseudo-erster Ordnung verläuft. Fürk ₂ ergibt sich in Aceton, das 5% Wasser enthält, bei 25°Ck ₂=2,0×10³ sec^–1.

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We would like to thank the N.R.C. for provision of a grant to purchase the Electrochemical System and the University of New Brunswick for a Fellowship for one of us (D.B.).     

Fortuitous discovery of urate nephrolithiasis in rats subjected to portacaval anastomosis

Zusammenfassung Nach Anlage eines portocavalen Shunts bei 53 Sprague-Dawley-Ratten wurde in 47% aller Fälle eine Harnsäure-Urolithiasis beobachtet. Das Vorkommen war bei den Ratten am häufigsten (94%), die mehr als einen Monat überlebten und postoperativ an Gewicht verloren.

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Acknowledgments. The authors are grateful to Dr.K. Lauber of the Department of Medical Chemistry and to Prof.H. Fleisch of the Department of Pathophysiology of the University of Berne for performing the chemical analyses. The technical assistance of MissM. Kappeler and MissB. Schütz is greatly appreciated.