Study of low-pressure premixed laminar n-heptane+ propane/oxygen/nitrogen flames

Low-pressure premixed laminar n-heptane+propane/oxygen/nitrogen flames were investigated with tunable synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization and molecular-beam sampling mass spectrometry. Three flames with different mass percentage of propane in the fuel blends of 0%, 10%, and 20% were studied. The combustion intermediates were identified by comparing the measured IEs with those values in literatures. Mole fraction profiles of the main species were compared among the three flames. The experime...     

部分预混层流火焰结构的数值研究

针对部分预混层流火焰,在分析了常见火焰面方程不足的基础上,使用了一套详细考虑了组分不同输运系数的火焰面方程对其进行数值模拟.模拟结果与物理空间求解结果间的比较表明,此套方程能够在保证相容性的同时获得相当好的模拟精确度.此外,在火焰面方程中采用不同的标量耗散率模型对部分预混火焰进行了数值计算,结果显示标量耗散率模型的精确程度对于模拟结果有着重要影响.进一步利用火焰面方程数值研究了部分预混层流火焰结构对于标量耗散率变化的响应,捕捉到其在低标量耗散率下区别于非预混火焰的双火焰结构的存在,并讨论了此现象产生的原因.     

Study of low-pressure premixed laminar n-heptane+propane/oxygen/nitrogen flames

Low-pressure premixed laminar n-heptane+propane/oxygen/nitrogen flames were investigated with tunable synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization and molecular-beam sampling mass spectrometry. Three flames with different mass percentage of propane in the fuel blends of 0%, 10%, and 20% were studied. The combustion intermediates were identified by comparing the measured IEs with those values in literatures. Mole fraction profiles of the main species were compared among the three flames. The experimental results provide detailed data in understanding the combustion of n-heptane and n-heptane/propane blends in engine. They are also helpful in establishing and verifying the kinetic models. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50636040 and 50521604)     

Experimental study on inhibition of low pressure premixed flat methane-oxygen flames by trifluoromethane

This paper presents measurements of combustion species of low pressure laminar premixed flat methane-oxygen flames inhibited by triflnoromethane （CF3H） using synchrotron radiation-molecular beam mass spectrometry （SR-MBMS）. Fire suppression chemistry of CF3H is investigated by selective detection of combustion radicals and intermediates. Results show that SR-MBMS offers a powerful tool for studying fire suppression chemistry of halon replacements, which may extensively detect combustion species in the inhibited flames, especially radicals and intermediates. The suppressant CF3H is completely consumed in the preheat zone of premixed flames and produces fluorinated radicals such as CF3 and CF2. CF3 is the main radical participating in flame inhibition cycles in the reactive zone.Unlike HBr, HF produced by CF3H is very stable and will not act as a radical scavenger because the bond energy of H-F is much higher than that of H-Br, which is responsible for less effectiveness than conventional bromine-based suppressants.     

Experimental and kinetic study on ignition delay times of methane/hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen mixtures by shock tube

Ignition delay times of methane/hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen mixtures with hydrogen amount-of-substance fractions ranging from 0–20% were measured in a shock tube facility.The ambient temperature varied from 1422 to 1877 K and the pressure was maintained at 0.4 MPa behind the reflected shock wave.The experiments were conducted at an equivalence ratio of 2.0.The fuel mixtures were diluted with nitrogen gas so that the nitrogen amount-of-substance fraction was 95%.The experimental ignition delay time of the CH4/H2 mixture decreased as the hydrogen amount-of-substance fraction increased.The enhancement of ignition by hydrogen addition was weak when the ambient temperature was >1750 K,and strong when the temperature was <1725 K.The ignition delay time of 20% H2/80% CH4 was only one-third that of 100% CH4 at 1500 K.A modified model based on GRI-Mech 3.0 was proposed and used to calculate the ignition delay times of test mixtures.The calculated results agreed with the experimental ignition delay times.Normalized sensitivity analysis showed that HO·+H2 →H·+H2O was the main reaction for the formation of the H· at 1400 K.As the hydrogen amount-of-substance fraction increased,chain branching was enhanced through the reaction H·+O2→O·+HO·,and this reduced the ignition delay time.At 1800 K,the methyl radical (H3C·) became the key species that influenced the ignition of the CH4/H2/O2/N2 mixtures,and sensitivity coefficients of the chain termination reaction 2H3C·(+M)→C2H6(+M),and chain propagation reaction HO2+H3C·→HO·+CH3O decreased,which reduced the influence of hydrogen addition on the ignition of the CH4/H2 mixtures.     

光滑管中预混火焰传播物理机理的实验研究

开展了常温常压下二元燃料氢气/丙烷和空气预混气体在光滑方管道中火焰传播物理机理的实验研究。采用压力-时间记录法和纹影法两种测试方法,获得火焰传播速度和火焰阵面结构沿管道变化情况。结果表明:两种方法所测得的火焰传播速度在所测量范围内都先增加后减小。火焰加速传播机理主要是前方未燃气体受到前驱压缩波作用而被加热和压缩的正反馈微分加速机制,之后在管端反射的压缩波影响下,火焰传播速度略有降低。     

An experimental study on fine structures of supersonic laminar/turbulent flow over a backward-facing step based on NPLS

Fine structures of supersonic flow over a 5 mm high backward facing step(BFS),including expansion wave fan,reattachment shock,supersonic boundary layer were measured in a Ma=3.0 low-noise indraft wind tunnel.By varying the superficial roughness of the wall upstream from the step,supersonic laminar flow and supersonic turbulent flow could be formed over a BFS.Measurements on the spatiotemporal features of the holistic flow field and the fine structures in four typical regions were carried out using NPLS(nano-based planar laser scattering).Flow structures,including expansion wave fan,reattachment shock,supersonic boundary layer and its separation,reattachment and redevelopment are revealed by measuring the holistic structure of the transient flow field.Comparing the two time-averaged flow fields with each other,it is apparent that supersonic turbulent flow over a BFS(STF-BFS) has a larger expansion angle and a shorter recirculation region,and its redeveloped boundary layer increases at a smaller obliquity while the angle of reattachment shock is the same for the supersonic laminar flow over a BFS(SLF-BFS).With regard to time-evolution features,the K-H vortices in the SLF-BFS suffers from shearing,expansion,reattachment and three-dimensional effects while in the STF-BFS large-scale structures are affected by the incline and distortion at the reattachment point due to expansion,viscosity and reverse-pressure.Studies on local regions indicate that in the SLF-BFS,the emergence of compression waves which distinctly converge into a reattachment shock is due to the local convective Mach number and the inducement of K-H vortices in the free shear layer.Nevertheless,in the STF-BFS,compression waves and K-H vortices are barely evident,and the formation of a reattachment shock is related to the wall compressive effect.