瑞典国际科技合作的经费投入与配置管理

本文依据最新的调查资料和统计数据,系统地分析了近年来瑞典各主要官方和半官方机构投入国际科技合作的经费总量以及各类国际科技合作计划的经费配置情况,同时,还分析了瑞典组织国际科技合作的管理机制与方法,以及开展国际科技合作的优先领域与国别分布。     

国际科技合作新趋势对中国科技发展的挑战及其对策

随着国际科技合作新趋势的不断发展,其对我国政府的作用、国家科技体制和科研环境、国家科学研究、产业研发、国家安全、知识产权建设等提出了严峻的挑战。面对挑战,我们应该积极调整政府在国际科技合作中的作用;深化科研体制改革,全面推进科技体制创新;形成有层次的国际合作交流体系;积极调整企业国际科技合作;加强国家的安全建设和高度重视知识产权建设。     

国际科技合作中知识转移风险的研究

随着科技全球化的发展和深入,国际科技合作成为各国政府和科研机构提升自身科研水平和核心竞争力的有力途径。然而,在国际科技合作中进行知识的转移与交流时,不可避免的面临着各种各样的风险,如何识别扣防范这些风险成为目前亟待解决的议题。有鉴于此,本文从知识、合作成员和环境三个维度,系统的对国际科技合作中的知识转移风险因素进行了分析,并据此进一步构建出相应的风险防范机制模型,力图为降低国际科技中的知识转移风险提供科学的理论依据。     

俄罗斯科技对外合作态势与中国当前对俄科技合作对策

科技全球化伴随着经济全球化而来，已经成为不可阻挡的时代潮流，迫切要求中国与俄罗斯加大科技合作力度，为此首先要研究俄罗斯科技对外合作态势，主要表现为：适应国内外科学技术发展的实际情况，确定对外科技合作的长期战略目标；积极加强对外科技合作的政策安排，采取有效形式推进对外科技合作事业；对外科技合作事业全面展开，注重依据利益原则分层次地加以推进。我们掌握俄罗斯对外科技合作进程，才能使中国及早采取相应的操作对策，把对俄科技合作放在重要位置，采取激励政策提高对俄罗斯科技合作水平，按照国际规则来加强科技合作，在分配知识产权时保障创造性利益，切实加强企业之间的科技交流与合作，从而推动科技合作与经贸合作紧密地结合起来。     

广东与德国科技合作概况及未来合作思路分析

近十多年来.广东积极与德国开展了形式多样、内容丰富的科技合作,以经济合作带动科技合作,开始注重在高新技术领域的合作,初步形成了政府主导、民间积极参与的合作网络.但是,双方的合作也存在着我方合作相对被动、实质性合作项目较少、合作渠道不够畅通等问题.为此,本文提出了结合广东未来产业发展重点、"以我为主"开展科技合作的原则,并提出了注重以合作研发、互用实验室、共建研发中心、共同人才培养为主要形式的合作渠道建设思路.     

基于文献计量视角的中国与东盟科技合作状况研究

"一带一路"是科技合作之路,东盟是我国"一带一路"建设的核心和优先领域,科技合作已经成为中国与东盟关系的新亮点。为了解"十二五"时期以来我国与东盟的科技合作状况,本文以2011—2019年间SCIE收录的中国与东盟国家科技合著论文为研究对象,开展定量、定性分析,揭示中国与东盟之间开展科技合作的特点,分析其科技合作模式,认识其科技合作现状,以便为今后科技合作的进一步开展提供借鉴。研究发现,我国与东盟科技合著论文的总规模和质量逐步提升,在重点合作领域存在国别差异,两国合作是中国与东盟之间的主流合作模式,中国-东盟地区合作呈现国际化趋势。     

高校科技投入与产出的关联模型研究

针对高校科技产出的特点与存在的问题,在分析过去10年高校科技投入和产出的数据的基础上,建立了高校科技投入和产出的多个关联模型,对于分析高校科技投入产出关系,提升高校科技投入产出效率,提供了决策支持。     

日本基础研究领域国际合作态势的文献计量分析

本文以科学引文索引数据库扩展版收录的、日本发表于2004～2008年的国际合著论文为研究对象,通过对论文在学科领域分布、国家分布、机构分布等方面的文献计量分析,揭示了过去5年来日本在基础研究领域所开展的国际合作的基本表现与特征。     

Collaboration,interdisciplinarity, and the epistemology of contemporary science

Over the last decades, science has grown increasingly collaborative and interdisciplinary and has come to depart in important ways from the classical analyses of the development of science that were developed by historically inclined philosophers of science half a century ago. In this paper, I shall provide a new account of the structure and development of contemporary science based on analyses of, first, cognitive resources and their relations to domains, and second of the distribution of cognitive resources among collaborators and the epistemic dependence that this distribution implies. On this background I shall describe different ideal types of research activities and analyze how they differ. Finally, analyzing values that drive science towards different kinds of research activities, I shall sketch the main mechanisms underlying the perceived tension between disciplines and interdisciplinarity and argue for a redefinition of accountability and quality control for interdisciplinary and collaborative science.     

International Scientific Cooperation During the 1930s. Bruno Rossi and the Development of the Status of Cosmic Rays into a Branch of Physics

During the 1920s and 1930s, Italian physicists established strong relationships with scientists from other European countries and the United States. The career of Bruno Rossi, a leading personality in the study of cosmic rays and an Italian pioneer of this field of research, provides a prominent example of this kind of international cooperation. Physics underwent major changes during these turbulent years, and the traditional internationalism of physics assumed a more institutionalized character. Against this backdrop, Rossi's early work was crucial in transforming the study of cosmic rays into a branch of modern physics. His friendly relationships with eminent scientists — notably Enrico Fermi, Walther Bothe, Werner Heisenberg, Hans Bethe, and Homi Bhabha — were instrumental both for the exchange of knowledge about experimental practices and theoretical discussions, and for attracting the attention of physicists such as Arthur Compton, Louis Leprince-Ringuet, Pierre Auger and Patrick Blackett to the problem of cosmic rays. Relying on material from different archives in Europe and the United States, this case study aims to provide a glimpse of the intersection between national and international dimensions during the 1930s, at a time when the study of cosmic rays was still very much in its infancy, strongly interlaced with nuclear physics, and full of uncertain, contradictory, and puzzling results. Nevertheless, as a source of high-energy particles it became a proving ground for testing the validity of the laws of quantum electrodynamics, and made a fundamental contribution to the origins of particle physics.     

干细胞研究进展及意义

干细胞研究是目前生物医学研究的前沿领域,本文以美国国家卫生研究院为对象介绍了干细胞研究的历史、最新进展,干细胞的应用和由此带来的伦理问题,以为我国干细胞研究提供参考。     

基于文献计量分析的全球系统动力学研究力量分布及合作网络研究

本研究基于社会网络理论,以美国科学引文索引数据库扩展版(SCI-EXPANDED)和社会科学引文索引数据库(SSCI)收录,发表于1981~2013年间的1160篇论文题录数据为研究对象,对系统动力学领域的研究力量分布及全球合作网络进行了分析。研究发现:过去30余年来越来越多国家/研究机构涉足于系统动力学研究。大多数论文发表量较多的国家/机构在全球合著网络中都处于较为核心的地位。其中,美国、英国位列第一梯队。此外,部分国家/机构的表现,无论是在论文产出质量上还是在合作网络中的地位上,均与其论文产出规模的表现存在差异性。     

Adaptive heart and breathing frequencies in 4 ecologically differentiating chromosomal species of mole rats in Israel

Summary Breathing (f_R) and heart (f_H) frequencies decreases as aridity increases in 4 chromosomal species of theSpalax ehrenbergi that inhabits humid to arid habitats in Israel in the order 2n=52, 58, 54, 60. Breathing frequencies were 50.0, 46.9, 45.9, and 43.4% of the expected values, and f_H were 37.6, 32.7, 27.8, and 25.8% for 2n=52, 58, 54, and 60, respectively. The decrease of f_R and f_H has a genetic basis and correlates with the metabolism of the mole rat.     

基于动态技术差异的国际分工理论及对中国的国际分工地位的启示

技术可以通过改变产出从而影响一国的国际分工地位。基于动态技术差异的国际分工理论是运用经济学中的动态分析方法，强调了技术这一生产要素导致国际分工的一系列理论。本文通过对这些相关理论和模型的综述，突出了由于技术在时间和过程变动中体现出的差异给各国带来国际分工地位的不同，进而阐述了动态技术差异给我国的国际分工地位所带来的启示。     

Hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration in four chromosomal species and some isolated populations of actively speciating subterranean mole rats in Israel

Summary Hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration were measured in four chromosomal species and some peripherally semi-isolated and isolated populations of the mole rat superspeciesSpalax ehrenbergi in Israel. HCT was 52.0, 51.4, 50.9, and 47.8%, and Hb was 16.0, 16.6, 16.3, and 14.7 g/100 ml for 2n=52, 58, 54, and 60, respectively. The species 2n=60, which lives in arid habitats, had lower HCT and Hb than the other three species. HCT decreased as aridity increased between the species and within the species 2n=60. Changes in HCT probably reflect clinal changes in both soil permeability to gases and ambient temperature.     

Hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration in four chromosomal species and some isolated populations of actively speciating subterranean mole rats in Israel

Hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration were measured in four chromosomal species and some peripherally semi-isolated and isolated populations of the mole rat superspecies Spalax ehrenbergi in Israel. HCT was 52.0, 51.4, 50.9, and 47.8%, and Hb was 16.0, 16.6, 16.3, and 14.7 g/100 ml for 2n = 52, 58, 54, and 60, respectively. The species 2n = 60, which lives in arid habitats, had lower HCT and Hb than the other three species. HCT decreased as aridity increased between the species and within the species 2n = 60. Changes in HCT probably reflect clinal changes in both soil permeability to gases and ambient temperature.