GaN基带电粒子探测器能谱测量的改进研究

分析了GaN和Si两种不同探测器的电荷灵敏前置放大器增益,修正了GaN基带电粒子探测器能谱的放大倍数。利用~(241)Am和~(239)Pu两种α粒子源标定了能量与道指的关系,获得了能量刻度曲线方程。根据标定的曲线方程,测量了修正前后的GaN基pin探测器~(241)Am源的能谱。修正后的测量结果表明,当反向偏压为-10 V时,5.48 MeV的~(241)Am源在GaN基pin探测器里沉积的能量约为620 keV。     

仿真人体肺中铀、镅、钚沉积量测定及影响因素研究

仿真人体模型肺中镅、钚、铀沉积量的测量是活体同等测量技术的对照基础.将肌肉组织、肺组织等效材料制成吸收片,用不同γ谱仪测量出其对241Am源不同特征X射线、γ射线(<60 keV)的吸收系数;选取241Am的59 keV特征峰并用γ能谱分析定量测定其放射性活度;利用工业CT获得人体模型肺检区肌肉组织、肺组织等效材料厚度及肋骨的间隙尺寸.全面分析了仿真人体模型肺中点沉积241Am测量系统的性能、水平、可靠性和准确度,研究了影响定量测量的因素和校正方法,检验了定量分析的可靠性,分析了测量误差的来源.     

α谱仪探测效率的理论计算与实验测定

谱仪的探测效率表征了探测器接收和记录信息的能力.为了更精确的测量α放射性核素的活度,定准α能谱仪的探测效率是非常必要的.本文利用查圆面源对窗的几何因子表和基于蒙特卡罗思想的MatLab模拟这两种方法对α谱仪探测效率进行了理论计算,并用Matlab软件对这两者所得的数据进行了比较分析,结果表明在5.5％的.对误差范围内两者可以近似相等.通过241 Am标准面源与氡子体标准源对α谱仪的探测效率进行了测量,发现用241 Am标准面源测得的探测效率与理论计算的探测效率相差很大,用氡子体标准源测得的探测效率与理论值符合的很好.研究表明241 Am标准面源的活度的均匀性与准确性以及尺寸定位的准确性是造成241 Am标准面源探测效率实验值与理论计算值差异的主要原因.     

双能γ射线穿透法测定土壤密度和水含量的蒙特卡罗模拟

本文采用蒙特卡罗程序模拟得到241Am、137Cs发出的能量分别为60 keV和662 keV的γ射线对干土和水的质量衰减系数,从而标定土壤密度、水含量与两种射线的透射率的函数表达式.模拟检测表明,由该表达式测量同种干土制备的土壤样品的土壤密度和水含量精确度较高,可满足实际测量要求.     

222Rn/220Rn绝对测量小闪烁室的ZnS(Ag)涂层厚度确定

ZnS(Ag)涂层厚度会影响222 Rn/220 Rn绝对测量小闪烁室的探测效率.用241 Amα电镀参考源对厚度为10 mg/cm2的ZnS(Ag)涂层α探测效率进行了实验验证.分别采用解析方法与MCNP模拟方法计算了相对立体角修正因子,讨论了空气层对α粒子的吸收修正,分析了不确定度来源.实验结果表明,10 mg/cm2 ZnS(Ag)涂层对α粒子的探测效率在102.4%～103.1%之间,不确定度小于5.44%.在实验不确定度范围内,可认为其对α粒子的探测效率为100%.实验证明了222Rn/220Rn绝对测量小闪烁室内采用10 mg/cm2厚的ZnS(Ag)涂层是可行的.     

便携式α-β-γ谱仪设计

现有便携式谱仪无法同时对α-β-γ射线进行测量,使得相关人员对α-β-γ混合场景的评估与处理存在不便,因此研制了一套便携式α-β-γ谱仪以解决上述问题. 谱仪采用PIPS探测器和LaBr3(Ce)探测器分别对α-β粒子和γ射线进行测量,获取高分辨的能谱. 经测试,谱仪的α能量分辨率小于140 keV (5.486 MeV,0.1 atm),α表面发射率响应67.34% (241Am),β表面发射率响应19.13% (90Sr-90Y),γ能量分辨率小于3.4% (662 keV). 因此谱仪可同时测量α-β-γ射线并获取高分辨的能谱,有助于相关人员对测量现场做出快速准确的评估与处理.     

LabVIEW环境下示波器的数据采集系统

基于数字示波器和通用计算机,利用Lab VIEW软件,开发了一套核分析信号能谱测量系统。为了验证系统的可靠性,应用该系统测量了241Amα粒子的电荷积分能谱,并在相同条件下与多道采集卡的结果进行比较。实验结果表明:该系统与多道获得的241Am电荷积分能谱图基本一致;当信噪比高于7∶1时,系统能谱的非线性小于1%;当信号频率大于示波器采样率时,存在数据丢失但不影响能谱的特点。研究结果表明,在能谱信号频率不高的情况下,基于示波器的数据采集系统的能谱线性和稳定性很好,能满足测量要求。     

基于半导体探测法~(220)Rn测量仪的准确刻度

采用多道脉冲幅度分析器测定216Po 6.78 Me V能谱峰对6.00 Me V计数区的峰重叠因子μ为0.0897.将流气式固体220Rn源作为标准源测定220Rn测量仪测220Rn刻度系数为9.4004.提高了半导体探测法型220Rn测量仪刻度的准确性与测220Rn准确度.     

准半球型CdZnTe探测器能谱特性的影响因素

为解决CdZnTe(CZT)探测器空穴拖尾的问题,基于Shockley-Ramo原理,采用GEANT4和COMSOL有限元软件,模拟计算了准半球型CZT探测器对137Cs@662 ke V的能谱响应。模拟结果表明:(μτ)e范围为(1~10)×10-3cm2/V时适合采用准半球型探测器的结构设计;(μτ)h对能谱的影响较小;(μτ)e和(μτ)h相差较大时,能量分辨率较好,但是当(μτ)h增大时,拖尾现象开始逐渐显现;提高(μτ)e和探测器偏压均可改善能谱特性。根据模拟计算出的最优探测器参数制备了尺寸为10 mm×10 mm×5mm的准半球型CZT探测器,其对137Cs@662 ke V的能量分辨率为1.17%,峰康比为6.86。     

EDXRF分析方法中最佳激发源角度的研究

在用同位素源激发的能量色散X射线荧光（EDXRF）方法分析样品时, 装置中的激发源、探测器和样品之间的几何条件对测量效率有一定的影响. 本文使用EDXRF分析谱仪, 采用不锈钢窗241Am源激发BaSO4样品;对影响测量的因素：样品直径、激发源与样品之间的几何角度、激发源与探测器之间的横向距离进行了研究. 得到：随样品直径的增大, 最佳激发源角度逐渐减小, 当样品直径增大到一定大小后, 最佳角度不随样品直径的继续增大而变化, 基本为一稳定值;由于“在线”分析需要, 需要增大激发源和探测器之间的横向距离, 而最佳激发源角度随横向距离的增加呈线性增长.     

Structural state of adularia from Hishikari, Japan

Adularia sample was collected from epithermal Au-, Ag-bearing quartz-adularia veins from Hishikari, Japan. This adularia is rich in K, Or=94.63, clear, transparent, fine-grained and closely associated with quartz. In this study, it was determined by XRD, IR and²⁹Si,²⁷Al MAS NMR methods. The adularia studied is of high sanidine with triclinic domains in it. The occupancy of Al 2t₁=0.60, IR ordering θ=0.15.²⁹Si NMR spectrum of this adularia shows a broad triplet peak, i.e. 3 poorly separated peaks at −94.9, −96.7, −99.9. This kind²⁹Si NMR spectrum for natural high sanidine has never been reported before. And the²⁷Al NMR spectrum gives an asymmetry peak with chemical shift at 58.7 extending slightly to the low frequency. Under a violent boiling environment, Hishikari adularia rapidly crystallized from a supersaturated solution.     

Bi~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺GdVO_4近红外发光性能研究

使用高温固相法制备了一种新的Bi3+,Yb3+共掺杂GdVO4量子裁剪近红外发光材料,该材料在波长为250~400nm的紫外光激发下发射出很强的近红外光(900~1100nm).由于体系中Bi3+离子的引入,相对于Gd0.9Yb0.1VO4,Gd0.87Yb0.1Bi0.03VO4在989nm处的近红外发光强度提高近120%,且其激发峰也从323nm红移至341nm,整个激发谱带更宽,更有利于实际应用.由于Yb3+离子既可以利用基质中的VO3-4电荷迁移态跃迁的能量,也可以同时利用Bi3+的1S0-3P1能级跃迁传递能量,相对于目前报道的理论量子裁剪效率最高的YVO4:Bi3+,Yb3+,GdVO4:Bi3+,Yb3+无论其近红外发光强度还是可见光发光强度强度皆有提升,是一种很有希望的紫外宽带激发近红外发光材料.     

热辐射传递求解的蒙特卡罗法新型统计模式

基于热辐射传输的光路可逆性原理,对求解热辐射传递的蒙特卡罗法的统计模式进行了改进。改进后的蒙特卡罗法利用可逆关系对样本同时进行正向和反向统计计算,提高了计算效率。比较了新型统计模式下的蒙特卡罗方法和传统蒙特卡罗法方法的性能,结果表明新型统计模式下的蒙特卡罗法相对传统蒙特卡罗法计算性能得到了提升。     

Preparation and luminescence characteristics of Sr3SiO5：Eu^2＋ phosphor for white LED

The Sr3SiO5：Eu^2＋ phosphor was synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction. The emission spectrum of Sr3SiO5：Eu^2＋ shows two bands centered at 487 and 575 nm, which well agree with the theoretic values of emission spectrum. The excitation spectrum for 575 nm emission center has several excitation bands at 365, 418, 458 and 473 nm. And the results show that the emission spectrum of Sr3SiO5：Eu^2＋ is influenced by the Eu^2＋ concentration. The relative emission spectra of the white-emitting InGaN-based YAG：Ce^3＋ LED and Sr3SiO5：Eu^2＋ LED were investigated. The results show that the color development of InGaN-based Sr3SiO5：Eu^2＋ is better than that of InGaN-based YAG：Ce^3＋, and the CIE chromaticity of InGaN-based Sr3SiO5：Eu^2＋ is （x=0.348, y=0.326）.     

η'衰变到γπ~+π~-的蒙特卡罗产生子研究

在高能物理实验数据分析中,事例选择效率是排除探测器和数据分析因素,从而获得物理测量量的必要输入参量.蒙特卡罗(MC)模拟是获得事例选择效率的唯一方法.结合实验数据与现有的理论模型,研究考虑了盒子反常效应的η'衰变到γπ+π-蒙特卡罗产生子的方法,获得的结果能够较好地与实验数据符合.     

CNa42+团簇的结构及其储氢性能研究

氢是一种理想的二次能源,它将成为化石燃料最有希望的替代能源之一,也是亟待开发的重要能源。而氢能的储存成本高,危险性大是急需解决的问题。理论上预测CNa_4~(2+)的储氢性能,通过理论分析,发现了每个CNa_4~(2+)团簇最多可与16个H2分子有效结合,获得23.5%的质量储氢密度。在B3LYP理论水平上,H2分子与CNa_4~(2+)团簇的平均相互作用能在2.107～4.948Kcal/mol之间。由于CNa_4~(2+)的质量储氢密度在7.1～23.7wt%之间,符合美国能源部的要求目标(5.5 wt%)。研究结果表明,CNa_4~(2+)在一定环境条件下可逆吸放氢性能良好,可作为潜在的理想高容量储氢材料。     

Spectroscopic investigation of the interaction between human serum albumins and 10-hydroxycamptothecin

The binding reaction between 10-hydroxycamptothecin (10-HCPT) and human serum albumins (HSA) is studied by means of fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectrum, 1H NMR spectrum, and molecular simulation. The results indicate that the binding reaction of 10-HCPT and HSA is a single static quenching process, and the binding equilibrium constant for 10-HCPT binding with HSA is estimated K ₀= 4.93×10⁴ L · mol⁻¹ at 25 °C with the molar ratio of 1:1. The distance (r) and energy transfer efficiency (E) between donor (HSA) and acceptor (10-HCPT) are obtained as follows, r =3.51 nm; E =0.27. The enthalpy change (ΔH ^⦵) and entropy change (ΔS ^⦵) are calculated at different temperatures, and the hydrophobic force and shidipole force are the functions in the reaction. The results show that 10-HCPT binds within the subdomain II A of HSA by the hydrophobic force, and the 10-OH and 20-OH of 10-HCPT bind with both residue Leu-238 of HSA and Ala 291 of HSA by hydrogen bonds. Biography: LI Guizhi(1962–), female, Associate professor, research direction: organic analysis.     

A possible configuration of H 5 + cluster

On the basis of our previous work, a configuration of H ₅ ⁺ has been presented that is a square center structure, and the energy for the structure of H ₅ ⁺ has been obtained by IACQM. The result showed that there is an extreme energy E_e: −2.45981 [2 Ry] atR = 2.50a ₀. It indicates that the square center structure of H ₅ ⁺ system has the certain stability, which is a possible configuration of H ₅ ⁺ .     

Functional maturation of two murine medullary-type CD8SP thymocytes

TCRαβCD4-CD8+ thymocytes are heterogeneity. They may undergo phenotypic and functional maturation within thymic medulla. Medullary-type CD8SP thymocytes were divided into seven subsets based on phenotypic analysis, and their precursor-progeny relationship along with the differential pathway was also delineated. To further testify the validity of the maturation pathway, we purified 6C10-CD69+ cells representing the early stage and 6C10-Qa-2+ cells representing the later stage among medullary-type CD8SP thymocytes and compared their functional maturation levels. CD8+ T cells of spleen were used as the control. It is shown that there is no obvious difference of proliferation ability among these three subsets; however, intracytoplasmic cytokine assay shows that there is a hier archy of IFN-γ and TNFα secretion among these subsets, strikingly comparable to their phenotypic status among medullary type CD8SP thymocytes. The bioassays of IL-2 and IFN-γ in culture supernatant give the similar results.