北京联大“非物质文化遗产进校园”活动启动

11月13日,惟妙惟肖的"泥人张"彩塑、精细华美的"面人郎"玩偶、各种各样的料器……中国传统非物质文化遗产在北京联合大学文理学院成为师生瞩目的焦点。     

山东面塑的造型、装饰及其价值研究

面塑艺术(非物质艺术遗产)是一种珍贵的民间艺术,在经济日益腾飞的今天,包括面塑艺术在内的许多民间艺术被人们忽略。为了唤起更多的人来关注这一艺术,将这一伟大的民族瑰宝发扬光大,现以山东面塑艺术作为出发点进行研究探索。     

历史长河中的一支奇葩——探析河南民间面塑的艺术价值

我国民间面塑艺术经过历代传承与长期不断发展,逐渐成为中国民间艺术的一个重要组成部分,并为民俗、美学以及历史等研究提供了丰富的实物资料。河南作为中华民族的发源地,有着丰富的非物质文化,作为农耕文明发达的"中原地区",面食占据日常饮食的主导地位,面塑艺术正是由此演变而来,并发展成为非物质文化资源中的一朵奇葩。河南民间面塑造型丰富,形态简洁、质朴,具有浓厚的河南地方特色,反映了河南劳动人民的思想感情和审美趣味。从民间面塑艺术的制作工艺来看,面塑材料的选择、加工制作、造型上色、蒸制成型等每个环节都体现出了精湛的工艺水平,形成了独特的一门面塑技艺;从面塑艺术的发展历史来看,河南民间面塑历史悠久,发展至今已成为民俗文化生活当中不可或缺的元素。     

马克思的"全面人"思想的理想取向及其意义

马克思的"全面人"思想的理想取向的形成主要经历了三个重要的阶段:第一阶段,通过对宗教神学进行批判,以此来完成和实现由"抽象的人"走向人世间的"现实中的人"的转变;第二阶段,通过对现实中的所造成的"畸形人"、"片面人"的社会制度的批判,来实现人性的复归;第三阶段,通过塑造自由发展的"全面人"来实现人类的高级社会阶段--共产主义社会.马克思的"全面人"思想不仅有着重要的理论意义,而且有着更为深刻的现实意义.     

"养气"说新探

艺术主体所养之"气"包括生理之气、心理之气、道德品质、精神人格之气,还包括艺术家创作前的精神状态。艺术主体所养之"气"的不同,转化为作品会呈现出不同的艺术风格。从某种意义上讲,"养气"就是人对自我本能、自我生命的体察,从而以自我生命去体合宇宙生气流行的大生命节奏。从文艺创作和批评的角度看,艺术家"养气"就是一种积极的审美活动,他在力求把握和艺术地表现生命之美。     

美丽的汉语

<正>释义古代一种官职。中医医生。辨析"郎"在古代是对年轻男子的称呼,比如苏轼《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》中"三国周郎赤壁"一句,"周郎"便是称呼周瑜。今天,"郎"还有称呼某种人的意思,如读书郎、放牛郎等。同学们还记得儿歌《读书郎》是怎么唱的吗?"小么小儿郎,背着那书包上学堂,不怕太阳晒,也不怕那风雨狂,只怕先生骂我懒,没有学问无脸见爹娘……"故事郎中原本是官名,起源于春秋战国时期,之后的朝代基本也都有,只是职责有所变化。郎中主要有侍卫君王、参政议政、作战、出使等职责。     

王夫之诗学"一意""一笔"论新识

诗歌艺术的内容与形式问题历来是中国古典诗学和美学艺术表现论的一个重要话题.明清之际的王夫之对这一问题也提出了独特新颖的意见,其中之一即是著名的"一意"一笔"说.这个诗学见解在中国古典诗学中是别具一格的,是联系船山诗学"以意为主"和"诗道性情"两个命题的内在枢纽,旨在创造一种纯净的诗美.     

寻找精神家园的"歌手"——《浮士德》探幽

歌德的《浮士德》是"一种生活的发现艺术".通过阅读作品,我们就会发现无论是"浮士德"形象还是"浮士德精神",其最终的指向都是人的心灵世界,是人类追求和寻找精神家园的一种艺术化表达,浮士德的一生是寻找精神家园的一次审美体验.     

谈歌唱艺术中"二度创作"功能的实现策略

声乐是一门特殊的艺术门类,是人类用以抒发情感、交流情感的一种艺术形式.在声乐艺术中起主导和统帅作用的是情感,演唱者通过悦耳的声音、清晰的语言来表达作品丰富的情感内涵.歌曲从创作、演唱到欣赏都离不开感情,声乐艺术的创作与表演是词曲作者动心、演唱者唱心和观众感心的艺术加工过程.作为演唱者如何在歌唱艺术中实现"二度创作"的功能,创造性地表达歌曲的思想内容和情感,其前提是准确体验声乐作品的情感,关键是正确运用各种演唱技巧,而歌唱表演则是情感表达的重要补充.     

论中国传统文化"天人合一"生命哲理对地方戏艺术的审美观照

中国传统文化精髓可谓是从现实生活立足的具有实用体征的内容与形式融和贯通的哲学思辨体系,更注重戏剧艺术理应遵循于特定的伦理学和美学的价值规范.可以说,"天人合一"的中华传统文化的精神"潜质",也是华夏审美文化的"中坚思维",它在人类文明历史长河中成为文化艺术精神流变的一种支配力量与文化底蕴,始终渗透于中国地方戏审美的诸多时空.因此,中国地方戏曲崇尚"天人同构"的自由、和谐、恒定、隽永的生命状态,并成为东方戏剧艺术苑囿中一朵靓丽的文化奇葩.     

盾构机密封舱渣土非线性本构模型参数识别

根据密封舱改性渣土的三轴压缩实验数据,建立了基于优化方法的Duncan-Chang双曲线本构模型参数反演方法。为了解决参数识别反问题解的不稳定性问题,在Gauss-Newton优化迭代算法的基础上,提出了正则化参数反演方法。实际应用结果表明,所提出的反演方法具有较快的收敛速度和较强的鲁棒性,预测的实验模型变形与实验值吻合较好。     

Electrochemical properties of LiNi<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>1.3</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>0.2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>/Li<Subscript>4</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>5</Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript> cells

Spinel compounds LiNi_0.5Mn_1.3Ti_0.2O₄ (LNMTO) and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) were synthesized by different methods. The particle sizes of LNMTO and LTO are 0.5–2 and 0.5–0.8 μm, respectively. The LNMTO/LTO cell exhibits better electrochemical properties at both a low current rate of 0.2C and a high current rate of 1C. When the specific capacity was determined based on the mass of the LNMTO cathode, the LNMTO/LTO cell delivered 137 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 0.2C and 118.2 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 1C, and the corresponding capacity retentions after 30 cycles are 88.5% and 92.4%, respectively.     

Kinetic parameters of oscillating reaction of amino acid- BrO3^——Mn^2＋-H2SO4-acetone system

In the previous papers[1—3], the oscillating reactionusing amino acids as organic substrates was studied. Inorder to obtain information about the kinetic parameters ofoscillating reaction of amino acids in amino acid- BrO3 - ?Mn2 -H2SO4-acetone sy…     

Preparation of Al<Subscript>72</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>8</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>8</Subscript>Zr<Subscript>6</Subscript>Nb<Subscript>3</Subscript>Y<Subscript>3</Subscript> amorphous powders and bulk materials

Amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were successfully fabricated by mechanical alloying. The microstructure, glass-forming ability, and crystallization behavior of amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The isothermal crystallization kinetics was analyzed by the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation. In the results, the supercooled liquid region of the amorphous alloy is as high as 81 K, as determined by non-isothermal DSC curves. The activation energy for crystallization is as high as 312.6 kJ·mol?1 obtained by Kissinger and Ozawa analyses. The values of Avrami exponent (n) imply that the crystallization is dominated by interface-controlled three-dimensional growth in the early stage and the end stage and by diffusion-controlled two- or three-dimensional growth in the middle stage. In addition, the amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were sintered under 2 GPa at temperatures of 673 K and 723 K. The results show that the Vickers hardness of the compacted powders is as high as Hv 1215.     

Acid etching process for fabrication of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8＋x stack

We adopted a new method, acid etching process, to fabricate the intrinsic Josephson junctions based on the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 x single crystals. By soaking the crystals into the dilute hydrochloric acid, we fabricated a junction stack successfully, and meantime made the surrounding area insulated. A certain concentration of hydrochloric acid was used to maintain the roughness of the modified layer. The cur-rent-voltage characteristic was achieved through the four terminal measurement. We could control the junctions' number by changing the concentration and the soaking time. We also found that the thick-ness of the stack was equal to the average height of the insulation layer. Such a simple, convenient and controllable fabrication method with a high yield might widen the applications of the intrinsic Joseph-son junctions.     

Investigation on high magnetoresistance Ni0.81Fe0.19 films grown on （Ni0.81Fe0.19）1-xCrx underlayers

We have fabricated Ni0.18Fe0.19 films with (Ni0.18Fe0.19)1-xCrx films as underlayers by dc magnetron sputtering, the results show that larger anisotropic magnetoresistance (△R/R) values of Ni0.18Fe0.19 films are observed using the underlayers with Cr concentration of -36 at.% at an optimum underlayer thickness of -4.4 nm, the maximum AMR value is 3.35%. The results of atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that the △R/R enhancement is attributed to the formation of large average grain size and the strong(111)texture in the Ni0.18Fe0.19 films.     

基于遗传算法的带附加气室空气悬架多目标优化

以带附加气室的空气弹簧悬架为研究对象,按照物理模型建立带附加气室空气弹簧的数学模型,考虑到空气弹簧刚度的非线性,将该模型以空气弹簧非线性力的形式直接引入到1/4车辆模型。以提高车辆平顺性、行驶安全性及操纵稳定性的综合性能为目标,以附加气室容积为优化变量,设计带附加气室空气悬架的多目标优化模型;考虑到悬架性能各指标量在量纲与量级上的差异,对各指标量进行统一化处理,并采用线性加权和法将多目标函数转化为单目标评价函数。在MAT-LAB/Simulink中搭建系统仿真模型,采用遗传优化算法对典型工况下的最优附加气室容积进行寻优。优化结果表明,优化附加气室容积能有效提高悬架的综合性能,降低车身加速度、悬架动行程,但轮胎动载荷有所增加。     

Rolling-induced microstructure change in Zr_（65）Al_（7.5）Ni_（10）Cu_（12.5）Ag_5 bulk metallic glass

The microstructures and free-volume evolutions of as-cast and pre-annealed Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu12.5Ag5 bulk metallic glasses during rolling deformation have been investigated. No phase transformation is detected in the as-cast/rolled specimen. However,the structural stability of the glass against plastic deformation is worse after pre-annealing,indicated by nanocrystallization in preannealed/rolled specimens with large deformation degrees. Moreover,with increasing deformation degree,the free-volume content in a pre-annealed/rolled specimen increases at a lower average rate than that in an as-cast/rolled specimen.     

Synthesis, Characterization and Calorimetry of Ni（C4H8N2O3）2Cl2

A coordination complex was synthesized from NiCl2 and dipeptide glycylglycine（GG）. It was characterized by element analysis, NMR and TG methods, and then was determined to be Ni（C4HsN2O3）2Cl2. Using an isoperibolic reaction calorimeter, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of Ni（GG）2Cl2（solid） has been determined to be -（1 674.66±2.02） kJ · mol^-1 at 298.15 K.     

Work toughening effect in Zr_（41）Ti_（14）Cu_（12.5）Ni_（10）Be_（22.5） bulk metallic glass

Work hardening is a well-known phenomenon occurring in crystalline metals during deformation,which has been widely used to increase the strength of metals although their ductility is usually reduced simultaneously. Here we report that the plastic strain of Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 (at.%) bulk metallic glasses has been increased from 0.3% for the as-cast sample to 2.5%-8.0% for samples that have experienced pre-deformation under constrained conditions. The pre-deformed glassy alloys possess more free volume and abundant introduced shear bands,which are believed to promote the activation of shear bands in post-deformation and result in an increase in plasticity. The orientation of the pre-introduced shear bands relative to the loading direction will affect the deformation behavior of pre-deformed samples. The present results show that pre-deformation of this glassy alloy will result in work toughening. This work toughening effect can be removed by isothermal annealing at a sub-Tg (glass transition) temperature,which causes annihilation of free volume and healing of shear bands.