多排螺旋CT扫描对胃癌的诊断价值

目的评价多排螺旋CT扫描对胃癌的诊断价值。方法对62例胃癌病例行气体对比薄层动态增强CT扫描三维重建技术,层厚0．5mm,在此基础上进行CT仿真胃镜和VRT技术,对获取的图像进行分析。全部病例均经手术和病理证实。结果检出痛变位于胃窦部31例（50％）.胃底贲门部10例（16％）,体部9例（15．7％）,弥漫型12例（19．3％）,病变检出率为100％。多薄层动态增强cT扫描三维重建技术表现为局限性胃壁增厚50例,广泛性胃壁增厚12例;其中早期胃癌10例,进展期胃癌52倒;局部和远处淋巴结转移24例;远处转移17例;本组CT定性诊断准确率为96％。结论薄层动态增强CT扫描三维重建技术能清晰显示胃壁及腔内、外病变,并直观反映胃癌大体形态及肿瘤的范围,在胃癌的定位、定性和定量诊断中发挥其独特的优势,是一种最具潜力的检查方法。     

Scanning electron microscopy study of membrane modification of blastomeres in the first stages of ovum development in trout (Salmo irideus Gibb.)]

Our study relates to the development of the membrane relief of the blastomeres of the trout egg from the stage before their division up to gastrulation. The surface of the blastoderm shows first a more or less dense system of crests which by the time of gastrulation are replaced by microvilli distributed over the whole surface of the enveloping layer. The deep blastomeres, loosely connected to each other by lamellipodes and filopodes produce only a few projections of their membranes and these are only semispherical bodies. Possible roles of the microvillosities in the respiratory exchange of the egg and in the motility of the enveloping layer, are considered.     

Interaction between visual activation and proprioceptive activation in neurons of the superior colliculus]

Units located in the superficial and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus are activated by proprioceptive stimulation of the extraocular muscle nerves as well as by specific visual stimuli. Units of the deep layer of the colliculus, not sensitive to visual activation, are inhibited by proprioceptive stimulation. A few of the units showed interaction between the two types of stimulation, the proprioceptive response appearing only when spontaneous activity was decreased by a visual stimulus.     

A deep residual compensation extreme learning machine and applications

The extreme learning machine (ELM) is a type of machine learning algorithm for training a single hidden layer feedforward neural network. Randomly initializing the weight between the input layer and the hidden layer and the threshold of each hidden layer neuron, the weight matrix of the hidden layer can be calculated by the least squares method. The efficient learning ability in ELM makes it widely applicable in classification, regression, and more. However, owing to some unutilized information in the residual, there are relatively huge prediction errors involving ELM. In this paper, a deep residual compensation extreme learning machine model (DRC-ELM) of multilayer structures applied to regression is presented. The first layer is the basic ELM layer, which helps in obtaining an approximation of the objective function by learning the characteristics of the sample. The other layers are the residual compensation layers in which the learned residual is corrected layer by layer to the predicted value obtained in the previous layer by constructing a feature mapping between the input layer and the output of the upper layer. This model is applied to two practical problems: gold price forecasting and airfoil self-noise prediction. We used the DRC-ELM with 50, 100, and 200 residual compensation layers respectively for experiments, which show that DRC-ELM does better in generalization and robustness than classical ELM, improved ELM models such as GA-RELM and OS-ELM, and other traditional machine learning algorithms such as support vector machine (SVM) and back-propagation neural network (BPNN).     

Peripheral sympathetic innervation of the deep pineal gland of the golden hamster

Summary Both the superficial and deep pineal components of the intact hamster contain a rich network of green to yellow-green fluorescent nerve fibres. After either superior cervical ganglionectomy or after transection of the nervi conarii the majority of the fluorescing fibres disappeared from both the superficial and deep pineal mases. Although the deep pineal remained intact after surgical removal of the superficial pineal, it was devoid of any green or yellowgreen fluorescent fibres.Supported by NSF Grant No. BMS74-06275A01     

生油理论研究新进展

无机生油理论研究取得的新成果及无机成因油气田的不断发现．使我们不得不重新审视生油理论,以更好地指导油气勘探工作。深大断裂与油气资源分布的联系,不但促进了无机成因理论的产生,也为其提供了无可辩驳的事实依据。全球八个成矿时期与煤、油页岩等的匹配,为有机成因理论提供了有力的证据：但是二者都没能在实验室条件下生成与原油成分完全一致的产物,并且实验室并不能真实地模拟天然地质条件,从时间尺度上也是不可能的。两者争论的焦点仍集中于油气成因的判别指标上,油气成因理论仍然停留在假说阶段。笔者坚持二元论,认为在地球不同深度,存在不同的生烃机制。从生物气、低熟油到干酪根热降解生烃,再到深层生烃,而在上地幔超高压环境下,温度促进了无机合成烃类。关注中地壳低速高导层以及岩石圈级深大断裂不失为石油勘探工作的有益补充。     

Molecular and cellular pathogenesis of melanoma initiation and progression

Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes that can spread to other organs of the body, resulting in severe and/or lethal malignancies. Melanocytes are pigment-producing cells found in the deep layer of the epidermis and are originated from melanocytes stem cells through a cellular process called melanogenesis. Several genes and epigenetic and micro-environmental factors are involved in this process via the regulation and maintenance of the balance between melanocytes stem cells proliferation and their differentiation into melanocytes. Dysregulation of this balance through gain or loss of function of key genes implicated in the control and regulation of cell cycle progression and/or differentiation results in melanoma initiation and progression. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview about the origin of melanocytes, the oncogenic events involved in melanocytes stem cells transformation, and the mechanisms implicated in the perpetuation of melanoma malignant phenotype.     

板材液压拉深试验装置开发

开发了一种用于板材液压拉深成形性能研究的试验装置,包括拉深模具及液压控制系统。该装置不需要复杂的外部供液系统、压边系统及凸模导向系统,在普通的单动压力机上就能实现对不同材料及尺寸板材的普通拉深和液压拉深试验。初步的试验表明,该装置结构简单、操作方便、工作可靠,满足板材液压拉深试验要求,能够有效的改善板材的成形性能。     

Effect of ovariectomy on circulating calcitonin levels in the rat]

Ovariectomy in 3 month-old Rats is followed by a fall in plasma CT level and a decreased secretion of CT after a calcium load. These results show that ovarian hormones may play a role in the direct or indirect control of the secretion of CT in the adult female.     

东太平洋海盆多金属结核的物质组构及形成环境意义

运用反光显微镜、电子探针对东太平洋CC区多金属结核中壳层构造及鲕粒的韵律层进行了初步的研究。结果表明，多金属结核的构造及其形成是环境的反映。结核中鲕粒的微纹层构造是结核形成时的一个较短时间段内海洋环境的演化反映。鲕粒纹层的反射率与鲕粒中的δ-MnO2结晶程度有关，每层的元素含量与形成时环境的Eh、pH值有关，元素含量的变化与结晶程度有着相同的变化规律。     

深部岩体传热机理的研究现状与进展

基于国内外深部工程普遍面临的高温状况,探讨了深部高温的形成机制与影响因素。围绕岩体导热性质研究、水热耦合迁移问题和工程环境对传热的影响三个方面阐述了深部岩体传热机理的研究现状,目前的研究成果主要体现在建立了深部工程的热交换理论体系、矿山地热学的理论体系和地下工程制冷降温系统的热力学基础。在总结分析的基础上,确立了深部岩体流固耦合传热问题的研究思路：开展深部工程区域的的渗流场监测和开展岩体的流固耦合传热实验和建立岩体在应力-渗流-温度耦合条件下的传热模型,揭示深部岩体的传热机理。     

Pentobarbital-induced phase shifts of circadian rhythms of locomotor activity are not mediated through stimulated activity in mice

The possibility that phase shifts of circadian rhythms of locomotor activity induced by pentobarbital injections are mediated through hyperactivity after recovery from the sedative condition was tested in DBA/2 mice. The mice were restrained for 3 h in a tube immediately after injections of pentobarbital at either CT 9 or CT 0. The results indicated that immobilization did not block the phase shifts, suggesting that pentobarbital-induced phase shifts are not due to increasing the level of activity.     

Pentobarbital-induced phase shifts of circadian rhythms of locomotor activity are not mediated through stimulated activity in mice

Summary The possibility that phase shifts of circadian rhythms of locomotor activity induced by pentobarbital injections are mediated through hyperactivity after recovery from the sedative condition was tested in DBA/2 mice. The mice were restrained for 3 h in a tube immediately after injections of pentobarbital at either CT 9 or CT 0. The results indicated that immobilization did not block the phase shifts, suggesting that pentobarbital-induced phase shifts are not due to increasing the level of activity.     

Effects of pressure on oxygen consumption in cottid fish from Lake Baikal

Summary Rates of oxygen consumption in shallow dwelling cottid fish from Lake Baikal were unaffected by a change in pressure from 11 to 51 ata. The metabolic rate of deep cottids decreased by 72% when the pressure was decreased by 50% from that corresponding to habitat depth. Recovery from decreased pressures was incomplete in deep fish, suggesting that measurements of in deep dwelling fish in the literature may underestimate actual rates.Acknowledgments. Thanks are due to the US and USSR Academies of Sciences and the crew of the Titov. Support was provided by grants from The National Geographic Society, The George Baker Trust, The Max and Victoria Dreyfus Foundation, and The Griffis Foundation, Inc.     

Internal interactions within the human circadian system: the masking effect

In the realm of human circadian rhythms, the masking effect is defined as the change in the course of deep body temperature induced by changes in the degree of physical activity, or by the alteration between sleep and wake. This effect is particularly obvious during internal desynchronization where the rhythms of deep body temperature, and the sleep-wake sleep cycle - i.e. one of the masking factors - run with different periods. Every sleep onset is accompanied by a rapid drop, and wake onset by a rapid rise in deep body temperature, each one with an overshoot of about 50% of the steady state variations. When rhythms are calculated, with the dominant temperature period as the screening period, exclusively from data obtained during sleep episodes, on the one hand, and from those obtained exclusively during wake, on the other, two average cycles emerge: the 'sleep temperature curve' and the 'wake temperature curve'. Both run in parallel but are separated by the 'masking effect'. As derived from many experiments, the mean masking effect amounts to 0.28 +/- 0.06 degree C. The masking effect also depends to some extent on the phase of the temperature rhythm; it is larger than average around the temperature maximum and during the descending phase of the temperature cycle, where the alertness commonly is highest and the probability to sleep, in general, and the REM sleep propensity, in particular, are smaller than average. This also can be interpreted to indicate that the sleep temperature curve is phase advanced relative to the wake temperature curve; this, on the average, by 0.9 +/- 0.3 h. If the individually determined amount of masking is added to the temperature data obtained during sleep, or subtracted from the temperature data obtained during wake, a temperature curve emerges that can be thought of as being 'purified' of the masking effect. Analyses of this artificial curve allow estimation of that part of the internal interactions uninfluenced by the masking effect. On the average, about half of the amount of interaction between the rhythm of sleep-wake and that of deep body temperature is explained by the masking effect, whereas the other half is 'oscillatory interaction'. Both types of interaction are inherent and inseparable parts of the circadian clock mechanism, as can be deduced from model considerations.     

互联网时代语音识别基本问题

语音识别技术经过半个世纪的积累,于近年来达到大规模商用水平．本文概括了统计语音识别理论的发展状况,并单独介绍了深度神经网络在声学建模、语言建模、多语言共享、语义识别等方面的卓越性能．深度神经网络的性能优势引起了我们强烈的兴趣．通过回顾类人听觉信息处理对深度神经网络的改进作用,我们意识到,深度神经网络与类人听觉信息处理相结合,必将推进语音识别技术的进一步发展．反过来,深度神经网络技术在语音识别中的进步,也必将推动类人听觉信总、处理技术的进步．语音识别技术后续发展的重点是对深度神经网络的结构和训练算法的改进使之更好地实现类人听觉．最后,我们分析了采用深度神经网络模拟人类听觉的抗噪修复机理和听觉关注机理的可能性．     

Influence of the viscous substance at the tip of the labellar hairs ofPhormia regina M. on the effectiveness of stimulation by cations and anions

Summary The stimulating effectiveness of salt solutions on the labellar taste hairs ofPhormia regina M. is discussed on the basis of ion diffusion properties across the mucopolysaccharidic layer at the hair tip.This work is partly supported by a grant from the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Roma, Italy.     

Importance of the viscous substance at the tip of the labellar taste hairs ofPhormia regina M. on the salt-sugar interaction

Summary The role of the mucopolysaccharide layer at the tip of labellar taste hairs ofPhormia regina M. on the inhibitory mechanism of sugar ont he stimulating effect of salt and vice versa has been investigated.This work is partly supported by a grant from the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Roma, Italy.     

深层煤矿床勘查的矿井物探技术手段优化探讨

简要介绍了我国深层煤矿床勘查的四种常用矿井物探手段：矿井直流电法、矿井瞬变电磁、无线电波透视、矿井音频电透视,并依据它们对深部煤层、构造、水文地质、陷落柱、岩浆岩等勘查的准确性,初步优化了深层煤矿床勘查的矿井物探手段。     

On the forecasting of high-frequency financial time series based on ARIMA model improved by deep learning

Through empirical research, it is found that the traditional autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model has a large deviation for the forecasting of high-frequency financial time series. With the improvement in storage capacity and computing power of high-frequency financial time series, this paper combines the traditional ARIMA model with the deep learning model to forecast high-frequency financial time series. It not only preserves the theoretical basis of the traditional model and characterizes the linear relationship, but also can characterize the nonlinear relationship of the error term according to the deep learning model. The empirical study of Monte Carlo numerical simulation and CSI 300 index in China show that, compared with ARIMA, support vector machine (SVM), long short-term memory (LSTM) and ARIMA-SVM models, the improved ARIMA model based on LSTM not only improves the forecasting accuracy of the single ARIMA model in both fitting and forecasting, but also reduces the computational complexity of only a single deep learning model. The improved ARIMA model based on deep learning not only enriches the models for the forecasting of time series, but also provides effective tools for high-frequency strategy design to reduce the investment risks of stock index.