NO与OH自由基反应机理的理论研究

用MP2方法，在6-311 G(d，p)基组水平上研究了NO与OH自由基反应的微观机理，全参数优化了反应过程中各反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型，考虑零点能校正，同时采用QCISD(T)/6-311 G(d，p)方法得到了更为精确的能量．振动分析结果证实了中间体和过渡态的真实性，IRC计算结果进一步证实了过渡态的真实性．从对NO与OH自由基反应机理的研究结果看，NO与OH自由基反应为双通道反应过程，分别为：NO OH→IM1→TS1→NO2 H，NO OH→IM1→TS2→IM2(HNO2)．研究发现，通道NO OH→IM1→TS2→IM2(HNO2)是NO与OH自由基反应的主反应通道，其主要产物是HNO2．     

反应CH3CN+OH→CH2CN+H2O的动力学

采用Gaussian 98从头算程序包,从理论上对反应CH3CN+OH→CH2CN+H2O的动力学进行了研究.反应物、产物和过渡态的几何优化分别在UMP2/6-311+G(d,p)和UB3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)水平下进行.用MP4(SDTQ)/6-311+G(d,p)和CCSD(T)/6-311G(3df,2p)方法对UMP2/6-311+G(d,p)优化的反应物、产物和过渡态进行了单点能校正,并计算出了反应在300～2 100 K温度范围的速率常数和谐振频率.     

1,1-二氟乙烷与氟原子反应的机理研究和速率常数计算

采用双水平直接动力学方法研究了反应CH3CHF2+F→产物的反应机理和动力学性质.该反应存在3个反应通道,即1个α-氢迁移和2个β-氢迁移反应通道.在MP2/6-311G(d,p)水平下优化了所有稳定点的几何构型,在G3(MP2)//MP2水平下,对反应路径上的一系列点进行了单点能量校正.根据变分过渡态理论计算了该反应在200~2 000 K温度区间的速率常数,并与实验值进行了对比.计算结果表明β-氢提取通道在整个温度区间是主要的反应通道.     

FNCX(X=O,S)异构化反应的量子化学研究

采用MP2/6-311+ +G(2df)方法讨论了FNCX→FCNX(X=O,S)的异构化过程,优化得到了三元环过渡态的构型,讨论了异构化反应中反应物、过渡态、产物的构型、电子分布及能量等方面的变化.     

CH3CH2F与H反应机理的理论研究

用MP2理论方法对CH3CH2F与H的反应机理进行了理论研究,在MP2/6-311G(d,p)基组水平上计算了各驻点物种的构型参数、振动频率和能量,通过振动分析和内禀反应坐标计算,确认了每个过渡态.结果表明,在四条可能的通道中α-H提取反应是该反应的主要通道.     

CH(X2Ⅱ)与NH3反应机理的量子化学研究

对CH(X2Ⅱ)自由基与NH3的反应进行了量子化学研究.分别在B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p),B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd),MP2/6-311++G(d,p)和MP2/6-311++G(3df,3pd)水平优化了反应势能面上各驻点的几何结构,并在QCISD(T)/6-311++G(3df,3pd)水平上计算了各驻点的能量.通过IRC计算确认了过渡态,确定了反应的机理.     

大气中ClNO2/ClONO与H多通道反应机理的理论研究

用UMP2理论研究了大气环境中H与硝酰氯(ClNO2)及顺/反亚硝酸氯(ClONO)分子反应的机理.在6-311++G**和6-311G**基组水平上,优化得到了反应物、过渡态、中间体和产物的几何构型;在UMP2/6-311++G**优化的构型基础上,利用CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ方法得到各驻点的高级单点能量;通过振动分析对过渡态和中间体构型进行了确认.并应用热力学函数讨论了温度对反应机理的影响.计算结果表明:H与ClONO分子的反应有三种不同的反应机制,而对ClNO2分子的进攻有两种不同的反应方式.其中H与ClNO2和trans-ClONO发生的Cl抽提反应是相互竞争的主反应通道,P1(NO2+HCl)为主要产物.     

O(3P)与CH2=CHF反应的理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论(DFT)方法,对O(3P)与CH2=CHF的反应进行了理论研究.在UB3LYP/6-311 G(d,p),UB3LYP/6-31 G(3df,3pd)计算水平上,优化了反应物、产物、中间体和过渡态的几何构型,并在UQCISD(T)/6-311 G(2df,2pd)水平上计算了单点能量.为了确证过渡态的真实性,在UB3LYP/6-311 G(d,p)水平上进行了内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算和频率分析,并确定了反应机理,研究结果表明,反应主要产物为CH2CFO和H.     

氟、氯原子与甲烷反应的从头算直接动力学研究

用MP2方法对F、Cl原子与CH4的反应进行了研究.反应物、产物和过渡态的几何优化和振动分析在MP2/6-311＋G（d,p）水平下进行,反应路径的势能分析在CCSD（T）/6-311＋G（3df,2p）水平上对MP2/6-311＋G（d,p）优化的几何结构进行单点能校正.用传统过渡态理论和正则变分过渡态理论,并考虑小曲率隧道效应计算了正向反应的速率常数.     

理论研究OCS与CN自由基的反应机理

氧硫化碳(OCS)是大气中含量丰富的含硫气体,也是唯一一种能通过扩散进入平流层的含硫物种. 采用高水平分子轨道理论方法研究了OCS与CN自由基在2A′势能面上的反应机理. 在B3LYP/6-31G(2df)水平下优化了反应物、中间体、过渡态及产物的构型参数,并进行了振动频率分析. 单点能计算采用QCISD(T)/-311+G(3df)理论水平. 在QCISD(T)/6-311+G(3df)//B3LYP/6-31G(2df)水平下构筑了反应的势能剖面. 计算结果表明：在通常的大气条件下,NCS和CO是主要反应产物. 然而,随着温度的升高,生成CNS和CO的反应通道可能变成竞争反应通道.     

The impact of HS radicals on the measured rate constant of H<Subscript>2</Subscript>S with OH radicals

The rate constant for the reaction of OH radicals and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) was studied in different bath gases (including N₂, air, O₂ and He) by using relative technique at 298 K. The small difference of the measured rate constants between N₂ and those with the presence of O₂ suggested possible influence of HS self reaction. Further experiments with NO_x presence for scavenging HS demonstrated this assumption. The rate constant of (5.48±0.12) ×10^–12 cm³ molecule^–1 s^–1 obtained with 4.09 ×10^–4 mol m₃ NO presence may be accurate for estimating the atmospheric lifetime of H2S. The results provided circumstantial evidence that the rapid reaction of HS with N₂O is suspected.     

Effect of CH_3OOH on the atmospheric concentration of OH radicals

Peroxides play an i mportant role in atmosphericchemistry,because they are not only amongthe prin-ciple oxidants in the chemical conversion of O3andSO2,but also act as an atmospheric sink and tempo-rary reservoir for i mportant oxidizing radicals such asOH, HO2and RO2[1 ,2]. With the development ofmeasurement techniques , several organic peroxideswere identified in the atmosphere in addition to hy-drogen peroxide (H2O2)[3—5]. And among these or-ganic peroxides , methyl hydroperoxide ( MH…     

基于MLS卫星临边探测数据研究大气OH时空分布

 OH自由基是大气中重要的氧化剂,对大气中其他气体成分和气溶胶的形成和转化起着重要作用。本文利用MLS(micro-wave limb sounder)卫星观测资料,对大气平流层上层和中间层OH自由基的时空分布和变化以及中国上空OH自由基的垂直分布进行分析。结果显示,大气平流层上层和中间层OH自由基含量存在明显的季节变化和昼夜变化,在空间上的分布也随着太阳直射点的不同而呈现一定的周期性。比较了中国上空与同纬度纬向平均值,发现白天和夜间的观测值只有个别位置有较明显偏差,中国地区上空的OH含量比在整体上与同纬度比起来无明显异常,中国局地上空廓线的比较更加详细地反映了OH自由基的昼夜垂直结构。总之,中层大气OH自由基含量存在显著的昼夜变化、季节变化,同时也受太阳活动的影响,年际变化则不明显。     

Effect of CH3OOH on the atmospheric concentration of OH radicals

Methyl hydroperoxide (CH₃OOH, MHP) is known to be a significant sink and reservoir of HO_x and RO_x radicals in the atmosphere. In order to investigate the impact of MHP on the concentration of atmospheric OH radicals, two key gas-phase reactions of MHP, i.e. the reactions with OH radicals and with UV photolysis, have been simulated at temperature of 293±2 K and total pressure of 1.01×10⁵ Pa, using the long path Fourier transform infrared (LP-FTIR) spectrometry. OH radicals are generated by the photolysis of O₃ in the presence of water vapor. Combined with the relative rate method, the reaction rate constant of MHP with OH radicals is determined to be (3.99±0.15)×10^-12 cm³?molecule^-1?s^-1, and thus the atmospheric lifetime of MHP is estimated at 2.9 days. Furthermore, from detailed analysis of the UV photolysis of MHP, the yield of OH radicals is obtained to be 0.91±0.04. Based on the MHP atmospheric lifetime and the yield of OH radicals, it is concluded that MHP plays an essential role in the redistribution of OH radicals in the troposphere.     

Effect of CH3OOH on the atmospheric concentration of OH radicals

Methyl hydroperoxide (CH₃OOH, MHP) is known to be a significant sink and reservoir of HO_x and RO_x radicals in the atmosphere. In order to investigate the impact of MHP on the concentration of atmospheric OH radicals, two key gas-phase reactions of MHP, i.e. the reactions with OH radicals and with UV photolysis, have been simulated at temperature of 293±2 K and total pressure of 1.01×10⁵ Pa, using the long path Fourier transform infrared (LP-FTIR) spectrometry. OH radicals are generated by the photolysis of O₃ in the presence of water vapor. Combined with the relative rate method, the reaction rate constant of MHP with OH radicals is determined to be (3.99±0.15)×10^-12 cm³?molecule^-1?s^-1, and thus the atmospheric lifetime of MHP is estimated at 2.9 days. Furthermore, from detailed analysis of the UV photolysis of MHP, the yield of OH radicals is obtained to be 0.91±0.04. Based on the MHP atmospheric lifetime and the yield of OH radicals, it is concluded that MHP plays an essential role in the redistribution of OH radicals in the troposphere.     

CH2与NO反应机理的理论研究

CH2自由基是烃类燃烧过程中产生的重要物质，NO是主要的环境污染物．研究二之间的反应具有重要的现实意义．用从头算(ab initio)方法从理论上对CH2和NO的反应进行研究．采用G2MP2方法计算各反应通道上所有驻点的构型参数、振动频率和高级能量．根据相对能量绘制的势能剖面图详细给出了CH2和NO的反应机理。反应中，NO横向进攻CH2中心形成富能中间体H2CNO(IM1)，而后经复杂的异构化或解离途径生成产物。计算的各个通道的反应热与实验结果符合较好，根据势能面，预测生成CO NH2和H HNCO是反应的主要通道,这与实验事实相一致。     

中华猕猴桃营养生物学效应研究——Ⅲ.浓缩果汁对家兔血液红细胞的邻苯三酚自氧化抑制效应

采用邻苯三酚自氧化抑制法,对口服中华猕猴桃浓缩果汁家兔血液红细胞的邻苯三酚自氧化抑制效应的试验表明,按50kg体重人体,每日食用0.5kg果汁剂量,持续5周服用中华猕猴桃浓缩果汁的家免,其血液红细胞邻苯三酚自氧化反应抑制率明显升高。与服用前正常值73.7％对比,1—5周依次为129.1％,153.1％,133.4％,154.9％和150.8％。停服果汁2周和4周的测定值为111.8％和114.8％。结果提示,口服中华猕猴桃浓缩果汁有明显增强家兔血液红细胞的邻苯三酚自氧化抑制效应,抑制率比正常值提高1倍。猕猴桃果汁与同等剂量试剂抗坏血酸平行抑制试验结果,猕猴桃果汁的自氧化抑制率较试剂抗坏血酸高2个剂量级。     

Electron transfer reactions of piperidine aminoxyl radicals

This review article summarizes the electron transfer reactions of piperidine aminoxyl radicals. Electrochemical studies revealed the single electron transfer nature of piperidine aminoxyl radicals. In solution, piperidine aminoxyl radicals serve as single electron transfer oxidation reagent to react with various biologically interesting molecules such as glutathione, cysteine, ascorbic acid, and amines. The reaction product distribution, reaction kinetics, intermediates, and the reaction features in biological mimic environments including micelles and cyclodextrins were investigated. Oxoammonium salts, the one-electron transfer oxidation products of piperidine aminoxyl radicals, are agents of organic synthesis to selectively generate ketones or di-ketones from alcohols or ketones bearing α-methylene group under mild conditions. The new reactions of oxoammonium salts with aromatic amines, phenols, heterocycles including phenothiazines, papaverine, and bilirubin are also illustrated.     

SO_2,NO 等离子体净化中自由基行为的分析

建立一个简单而合理的化学反应模型，对等离子体条件下活性自由基在ＳＯ２和ＮＯ净化中的行为和作用进行化学动力学分析．结果表明，ＯＨ，Ｏ和ＨＯ２基在ＳＯ２和ＮＯ气相氧化脱除中起主导作用，在整个净化机制中，气相反应的贡献仅占２０％左右；气溶胶表面的催化作用加强了ＳＯ２和ＮＯ的氧化速度，异相反应对ＳＯ２和ＮＯ净化有重要贡献，一个气溶胶可提供１０７ｃｍ－３的自由基．动力学模拟结果与实验结果定性相符．动力学研究结果为等离子体过程的优化提供依据