溶剂萃取法提取羟基乙酸

以三烷基氧膦（ＴＲＰＯ）为萃取剂，磺化煤油为稀释剂，考察了文题的影响因素。确定了萃取过程的最佳工艺条件：萃取剂组成５０％ＴＲＰ０－５０％磺化煤油；室温；初始水相的ｐＨ值１－３。负载有机相中的羟基乙酸可有去离了水反萃，９０℃下一次反萃率可达７３．４％。依实验确定的萃取及反萃平衡等温线，可得到萃取及反萃的理论级数分别为５和７级。ＴＲＰＯ萃取羟基乙酸为一放热反应，萃取反应的热效应为－１４．８ｋｊ／ｍｏｌ     

溶剂萃取法提取富马酸

通过对萃取剂的筛选，确定了一个以三烷基氧化磷（ＴＲＰＯ）为萃取剂，提取富马酸（ＦＡ）的萃取体系。采肜双对数法，红外图谱和水分分析对萃合物的研究表明：ＴＲＰＯ萃取ＦＡ的可能萃合物结构式为ＦＡ．２ＴＲＰＯ．Ｈ２Ｏ。对萃取过程中的各影响因素进行了考察，从而得到了最佳操作条件，并提出了一条采用溶剂以法从水溶液中提取ＦＡ的流程。     

羟基酸的络合萃取和萃吸平衡研究

以羟基乙酸、苹果酸和柠檬酸为分离研究对象，通过比较系统的相平衡实验和萃淋树脂的萃吸平衡实验，研究了羟基酸的络合萃取和萃吸分离过程，初步探讨了利用络合萃取的过程机理筛选萃淋树脂的途径．实验结果表明，７３０１萃淋树脂对柠檬酸的萃吸性能最好，ＴＲＰＯ萃淋树脂的次之，ＴＢＰ萃淋树脂的相对较小，萃淋树脂的萃吸性能好坏与对应的溶剂的Ｌｅｗｉｓ碱性强弱相对应．初步可以认为，可以利用络合萃取过程的有关实验结果来筛选合适的萃淋树脂进行稀溶液的萃吸分离．     

萃取液闪法测定高放废液及其处理工艺中的~（90）Sr

研究了三烷基氧膦萃取液闪法从大量盐份和强放射性下分析９０Ｓｒ活度的情况。在１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＮＯ３介质中，体积分数φ为３０％的ＴＲＰＯ煤油有机相通过萃取除去Ｕ，Ｎｐ，Ｐｕ，Ａｍ，Ｃｍ，Ｔｃ，稀土等干挠元素，萃余水相放置２周以上让９０Ｓｒ子体９０Ｙ生长，然后用新的３０％ＴＲＰＯ煤油萃取９０Ｙ，取此有机相０．４ｍＬ加入到１０ｍＬ闪烁液中在液闪分析仪上测定９０Ｙ活度，９０Ｓｒ的活度根据９０Ｙ活度计算得到。本方法放化回收率大于９８％，精密度为２％，结果令人满意。     

三烷基(混合)氧膦对Fe(Ⅲ)萃取性能的研究

研究了三烷基氧膦（ＴＲＰＯ）萃取剂对Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）的萃取性能，测定了 ＴＲＰＯ对Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）的萃取随萃取平衡时间，水相 ＨＮＯ３浓度， Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）浓度和温度的变化。计算了萃取反应的焓变△Ｈ°，熵变△Ｓ°及表观平衡常数Ｋ。结果表明：体积分数为３０％的ＴＲＰＯ－煤油萃取体系萃取模拟高放废液时，三相的产生与水溶液中Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）离子的浓度紧密相关。当水溶液中［Ｈ＋］＝１．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ－１， ρ［Ｆｅ（Ⅲ），初始］＞８．０ｇ／Ｌ时，萃取体系出现第三相。测定了轻、重两个有机相的体积比和 Ｆｅ含量比随水相 Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）离子初始浓度的变化，讨论了 ＴＲＰＯ与 Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）络合的溶剂化数ｎ。     

二（2－乙基已基）亚砜萃取钼的机理研究

研究了二（２－乙基己基）亚砜的甲苯溶液从盐酸介质中萃取钼（ＶＩ）的性能，用等摩尔系列法和饱和萃取法确定萃合物的组成为ＨＭｏＯ２Ｃｌ３（ＳＯ）３．讨论了溶液酸度、钼浓度、萃取剂浓度、盐析剂浓度、温度等对萃取平衡的影响，考察了萃合物的紫外光谱和红外光谱．     

三辛基氧化膦萃取硫氰酸与硫氰酸镍（Ⅱ）的平衡

研究了三辛基氧化膦（ＴＯＰＯ）的正辛烷溶液萃取硫氰酸的分配平衡和三辛基氧化膦从硫氰酸介质中对镍（Ⅱ）的萃取平衡．结果表明：ＴＯＰＯ与硫氰酸形成ＴＯＰＯ·ＨＳＣＮ萃合物，萃取常数ｌｇβ＝２．４２；萃取镍（Ⅱ）时形成Ｎｉ（ＳＣＮ）２：·２ＴＯＰＯ和Ｎｉ（ＳＣＮ）２·４ＴＯＰＯ两种萃合物，萃取平衡常数分别为ｌｇＫ２＝４．７３和ｌｇＫ２＝７．１２，ＴＯＰＯ在硫氰酸介质中对Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）有较强的萃取能力．     

三辛基氧化膦萃硫氰酸与硫氰酸镍（Ⅱ）的平衡

研究了三辛基氧化膦的正辛烷溶液萃取硫氰酸的分配平衡和三辛基氧化膦从硫氰酸介质中对镍的萃取平衡。结果表明：ＴＯＰＯ与硫氰酸形成ＴＯＰＯ．ＨＳＣＮ萃合物，萃取常数ｌｇβ＝２．４２，萃取镍的形成。     

1,10-双(1'-苯基-3'-甲基-5'-氧代吡唑-4'-基)癸二酮-[1,10]与三辛基氧膦、三苯基氧膦对镱(Ⅲ)的协同萃取行为研究

研究了１，１０－双（１′－苯基－３′－甲基－５′－氧代吡唑－４′－基）癸二酮－［１，１０］（ＢＰＭ－ＰＤＤ，Ｈ２Ａ）与三辛基氧膦（ＴＯＰＯ，Ｂ）或三苯基氧膦（ＴＰＰＯ，Ｂ）的氯仿溶液从硝酸介质中对镱（Ⅲ）的协同萃取行为，用等摩尔法研究了体系的协萃效应，计算了体系的酸性协萃系数和协萃系数．用斜率法测得协萃合物的组成为ＹｂＡ·ＨＡ·ＴＯＰＯ或ＹｂＡ·ＨＡ·ＴＰＰＯ，计算了相应的协萃平衡常数，还考虑了温度对萃镱的影响．用萃取法制得了固态协萃合物，并对其组成和ＩＲ进行了研究．     

二（2—乙基己基）亚砜萃取钼的机理研究

研究了二（２－乙基己基）亚砜的甲苯溶液从盐酸介质中萃取钼的性能，用等摩尔系列法和饱和萃取法确定萃合物的组成为ＨＭｏＯ２Ｃｌ３（ＳＯ）３，讨论了溶液酸、浓度、盐析剂浓度、温度等对萃取平衡的影响，考察了萃合物的紫外光谱和红外光谱。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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