超细颗粒物超声波团聚的影响因素

搭建了声波团聚模拟试验台架,选取中高声强的超声波作为声源,以燃烧产生的气溶胶模拟发动机的排气颗粒,利用扫描电迁移率颗粒物粒径谱仪测量了初始颗粒物参数以及团聚时间对声波团聚效率的影响.结果表明:该试验条件下,频率20kHz的声波对粒径10~487nm的颗粒具有团聚作用;声波作用时间延长,颗粒团聚效率提高,18s是该研究条件下比较理想的团聚时间;初始颗粒物浓度峰值对应的粒径越大,声波团聚效率越高,最高团聚效率能达到82.4%;初始颗粒数浓度越高,声波团聚效率越高,最高团聚效率在初始颗粒物峰值浓度粒径附近取得.     

声波团聚煤飞灰微粒的新数学模型

目的　为了更精确地模拟煤飞灰微粒在声场中的团聚机理,建立一种新的数学模型。方法　结合前人的研究成果,利用分形几何学理论建立新的团聚模型,并用实验结果加以验证。结果　从煤飞灰声波团聚的实验中发现,团聚后的煤飞灰微粒具有自相似特征。利用分形模型预测的团聚结果与实验值相吻合。结论　把分形理论应用于微粒团聚的数学模型中,可使煤飞灰微粒在声场中团聚的数学模拟有较高的精度。     

O2对乙烯扩散火焰在轴线上碳烟生成的影响

为探究乙烯扩散火焰在轴线上的碳烟生成特性,在一台层流同轴扩散火焰装置上,将氧气浓度(体积分数)控制为21%,24%,26%,28%和31%,使用碳烟颗粒采样装置对乙烯扩散火焰中不同轴向位置的碳烟进行采样．利用高分辨率透射电子显微镜对不同氧气浓度的碳烟颗粒样本进行观察和分析,结果表明：在相同的氧气浓度下,随火焰高度的增加,火焰轴线位置处的基本碳粒子平均粒径呈现先增大后减小的趋势,分形维数增加,团聚体从条状和链状向团状和簇状发展;在同一火焰高度,随着氧气浓度增大,基本碳粒子平均粒径减小,团聚体的分形维数变大,生成更多致密的网状团聚体,微晶的平均碳层间距和扭曲度都有所增加,碳层从平行排列变成弯曲排列．     

声波团聚煤飞灰微粒的新数学模型

为了更精确地模拟煤飞灰微粒在声场中的团聚机理,建立一种新的数学模型。方法结合前人的研究成果,利用分形几何学理论建立新的团聚模型,并用实验结果加以验证,结果从煤飞灰声波团聚的实验中发现,团聚后的煤飞灰微粒具有自相似特征。     

脉冲电磁场对草酸钴粉末表面分维的影响

以氯化钴为原料,草酸铵为沉淀剂,在脉冲电磁场作用下,采用常规沉淀方法成功地制备了形貌不同的草酸钴粉体,SEM照片和颗粒表面3D视图分析显示草酸钴团聚体颗粒具有分形结构特征。采用差分盒维法计算了团聚体颗粒表面的分形维数,并采用分形维数和轴向比对草酸钴粉末颗粒的形貌进行了表征。结果表明,施加脉冲电磁场条件下制备的草酸钴粉末颗粒的表面分形维数在1.986~2.096之间;脉冲电磁场的作用使草酸钴分维D值增大,颗粒分形形态由开放型转变为紧密型。     

基于LBM的颗粒声波尾流效应数值研究

为了确定颗粒放置角度和声波频率对声波尾流效应的影响,采用二维格子Boltzmann方法模拟了两个颗粒物在声场中的沉降,发现了与试验结果相似的音叉轨迹,验证了该方法与计算模型用于声波尾流模拟的正确性。然后模拟了在忽略重力情况下两个颗粒在声场中由于尾流效应影响而产生的团聚或者排斥现象。研究结果表明,在水平正弦声场作用下,不同声场方向夹角的颗粒之间会产生吸引或者排斥作用,夹角处于0°～35°区间内的颗粒在水平方向上存在吸引作用,35°～90°区间内存在排斥作用,在水平方向上的吸引作用强于排斥作用;夹角处于0°～38°区间内的颗粒在垂直方向上存在吸引作用,38°～90°区间内存在排斥作用,在垂直方向上的吸引作用远小于排斥作用;声场频率会对尾流团聚速度产生影响,声场频率越大,团聚时间越长,团聚速度越小。     

泡群内气泡振动特性分析

本文从均匀球状泡群内气泡非线性振动方程出发分析了驱动声压幅值、声波频率和液体环境对空化气泡振动特性的影响.数值分析结果表明:超声波驱动下的非线性振动气泡存在不稳定响应区,不稳定响应区主要分布在声波频率小于5 0 kHz的低频区和平衡半径小于1 0μm的微泡尺寸范围;平衡半径为3μm左右的空化微泡有较强的声响应能力和不稳定性,在特定的液体和声环境中,极易受到扰动生长为平衡半径更大的气泡;驱动声波频率一定的情况下,随着驱动声波压力的增加,气泡的非线性共振频率降低,声场中气泡的共振尺寸减小;平衡半径大的气泡空化阈值低,更容易引起空化效应.液体内溶解气体浓度影响空化进程以及空化声压阈值,溶解气体浓度越低空化阈值越高.     

颗粒团聚体在流场中的分散过程及力链演变

颗粒团聚体在加工过程中的分散效果直接影响了复合材料的综合性能.为研究颗粒团聚体在流场中的分散机理及动态细节,考虑颗粒间范德华力的作用,采用自主开发的三维颗粒离散元程序DEMix3D对分形结构团聚体在简单剪切流场中的变形和分散过程进行数值模拟,并分析团聚体在分散过程中细观结构的变化规律.研究发现:强弱力链交织形成了团聚体复杂的力链网络形态,强力链主要分布在力链网络内部,传递较大份额的流场作用力,弱力链传递小份额的流场作用力并充分分布在力链网络中;分散过程中团聚体力链结构的变化直接决定了颗粒的分散方式;当分散达到平衡状态时,碎片内的颗粒之间由于形成以强力链为主的紧密接触关系而不再分散.文中还根据碎片加权平均颗粒数的变化规律分析了流场强度对团聚体分散效果的影响.     

采用二维光学图像和三维断层扫描研究单一粒径土壤团聚体的分形特征

分别通过二维光学图像法和三维X射线断层扫描法计算单一粒径土壤团聚体分形维值.土样采自重庆北碚西南大学稻田垄作免耕长期定位试验点,采用湿筛法对土样进行粒径分级,二维分形特征研究的团聚体粒级分别为:0.0 5 3,0.0 5 3~0.2 0 0,0.2 0 0~0.4 5 0,0.4 5 0~1.0 0 mm;CT扫描研究所用原状土样粒级分别为:0.0 5 3,0.0 5 3~0.0 2 5,0.0 2 5~1,1~2 mm.结果表明:二维光学图像法得到的单一粒径土壤团聚体孔隙分形维值介于1.1 7~1.5 4;三维X射线断层扫描结果显示团聚体中孔隙分形维值在1.3 5~1.6 5之间,团聚体的分形维数介于2.0 6~2.2 0之间,且分形维数随粒径增大而减小.采用二维光学图像和三维断层扫描均可用于定量研究不同粒径土壤团聚体中孔隙的分形特征,而采用三维X-射线断层扫描可以定量描述单一粒径土壤团聚体的分形特征.     

铜污染宁明膨胀土的微观形态及剪切强度特性

通过开展不固结不排水(UU)三轴剪切试验,分析了铜污染宁明膨胀土的剪切强度变化规律。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)试验、X射线荧光光谱分析以及马尔文激光粒度试验,研究了铜污染宁明膨胀土的微观机理与粒径变化特征。试验结果表明:宁明膨胀土表现出较为明显的应变硬化趋势,随着Cu~(2+)质量浓度的增大,宁明膨胀土的抗剪强度明显减弱,硬化趋势也逐渐弱化。由于铜的侵蚀,宁明膨胀土的Al、K、Fe元素的质量分数随Cu~(2+)质量浓度的增大而减少。铜污染后土颗粒间的孔隙增大,面-面叠聚作用明显增强,土颗粒骨架更为脆弱。铜污染后的宁明膨胀土中,粒径约为22μm的微团聚体分解,粒径约为4μm的颗粒累积量随Cu~(2+)质量浓度的升高而逐渐升高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has