珍稀濒危鸟类褐马鸡mtDNA的分子克隆及序列分析

利用改进的SDS裂解、氯仿:异戊醇抽提的方法提 取了褐马鸡肌肉基因组DNA,通过PCR扩增的方法特异性扩增了褐马鸡线粒体(mtDNA)控制区(D-loop)全序列片段,PCR产物经凝胶回收纯化后与载体pGEM-T Easy相连,然后转化感受 态细胞DH-5α,在含X-gal、IPTG的氨苄LB平板上筛选阳性克隆,重组质粒经PCR和琼脂糖 凝胶电泳检测后,对目的片段进行测序.结果表明,经PCR特异性扩增出的褐马鸡线粒体控制区全序列碱基数为1 237 bp,用Blast程序进行检索比较表明此扩增序列与GeneBank中发表的褐马鸡线粒体控制区序列同源性高达99%,且具有鸟类线粒体的标志性序列.     

桃抗病基因同源序列的克隆与分析

根据已克隆的STK类抗病基因的保守区设计简并引物对4个不同桃的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,将获得的扩增片段的回收产物,应用pGEM-T easy裁体试剂盒进行了目的基因片段的克隆.随机挑取若干单克隆经PCR鉴定确认后,进行测序,共获得11个各不相同的片段序列.氨基酸序列分析中,有6个片段能推导出完整的氨基酸序列.除了两侧都基本具有STK类抗病基因产物的保守结构域.     

DNA分析技术鉴别乌头初探

该文尝试建立一种利用DNA检验技术鉴别乌头的方法。通过提取50份乌头类及25份其他植物样本的DNA,用荧光特异性引物对乌头ITS2序列进行扩增,产物经3130XL测序仪进行检测分析,并进行测序入库比对。结果发现,试验中所有乌头类植物得到168bp的扩增产物,而其他对照植物均无扩增产物。由此表明,DNA分析技术对于鉴别乌头类与其他植物有一定的参考借鉴价值。     

黑线姬鼠线粒体DNA控制区的序列测定及分析

以黑线姬鼠肝脏组织为材料提取线粒体DNA，并以此为模版定向扩增D-loop区．克隆后测序得到的全序列大小为852bp．选取其相对保守序列与欧洲大陆同种黑线姬鼠进行序列比较，发现2个同种不同域的黑线姬鼠亲缘关系很近．通过比较突变位点出现的位置可以推断黑线姬鼠线粒体DNA控制区可分ETAS，central，CSB3个区域．由中心区最为保守这一原则，推测出central区大体位置，central区两侧则为ETAS和CSB区．     

南方鲇GK基因片段的克隆及序列分析

为从南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)中扩增葡萄糖激酶(GK)基因,根据已报道的GK基因结构中的氨基酸保守区域,设计简并引物;从南方鲇肝胰脏中迅速抽提RNA,将扩增出的产物克隆到pMD18-T载体上并导入到大肠杆菌DH5α中;阳性克隆鉴定后测序.将测序得到的南方鲇GK基因与已知的GK基因进行核苷酸序列比...     

美国红鱼细胞色素b基因和控制区基因序列的初步分析

采用PCR技术扩增了美国红鱼线粒体DNA的细胞色素b和控制区基因片段,PCR扩增产物直接测序,分别得到1140bp和623bp的核苷酸序列。将所得序列与从Genbank中查到的美国红鱼序列进行比较,分析了序列中碱基的组成及变异情况,为美国红鱼的合理开发利用及养殖发展规划的制定提供遗传学数据,为保护中国海域生物种质资源多样性提供科学依据。     

简并引物法克隆保加利亚乳杆菌β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷酶基因

β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷酶(β-Hexcase)在细菌、植物和动物中广泛存在,具有典型的外切酶活性并可以催化切除β-N-乙酰氨基己糖的非还原性氨基己糖残基,在细菌细胞分裂中具有重要作用.选取与保加利亚乳杆菌LJJ亲缘关系近的菌种的β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷酶蛋白序列,利用ICO-DEHOP和CODEHOP在线简并引物设计软件设计β-Hexcase简并引物,选取Hex1-f和Hex1-r引物对,以LJJ基因组DNA为模板经PCR扩增得到614 bp产物.PCR产物连接pGEM-T质粒载体后克隆至大肠杆菌DH5α中,筛选阳性克隆提取质粒进行测序.测序结果显示产物长度为614 bp,该DNA序列经blastx比对发现与其他已知β-Hexcase基因具有相似性,表明所克隆的序列即为LJJβ-Hexcase的基因片段.β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷酶基因的获得为进一步研究β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷酶与保加利亚乳杆菌自溶的关系奠定了基础.     

细叶石斛的位点特异性PCR鉴别

根据细叶石斛及其它37种枫斗类和黄草类石斛的rDNA ITS 序列,我们设计了位点特异性PCR鉴别引物 XY-JB01S和XY-JB01X,对细叶石斛进行了成功的DNA分子鉴别.在进行位点特异性鉴别PCR之前,首先运用扩增ITS区的通用引物P1、P2对模板DNA进行扩增,以验证模板的可靠性和扩增的合适浓度.当退火温度上升为64℃, 只有细叶石斛的模板DNA 能被扩增出来,而其它的37种石斛属植物均为阴性.该鉴别反应重复性好,已在鉴别细叶石斛中发挥重要作用.与DNA测序鉴别方法相比,位点特异性PCR具有简单、省时、高效、准确等优点.     

兰州鲇线粒体基因组序列结构及系统发育分析

利用GenBank中欧洲鲇的线粒体基因组序列, 设计出6对引物, 通过PCR扩增产物直接测序和引物行走(primer walking)法测定了兰州鲇的线粒体基因组序列, 并对其进行结构分析。兰州鲇线粒体基因组序列全长16524 bp, 包括37个基因(2个rRNA基因、22个tRNA基因和13个蛋白质编码基因)和1个非编码区。用最大似然法对鲇形目11种鲇鱼线粒体基因组的13个蛋白质编码基因的核苷酸序列进行系统发育分析。结果显示, 兰州鲇首先跟其他鲇科鱼类聚为一支, 形成一个单系群, 位于系统发育关系树的中部。     

用CODEHOP设计简并引物克隆杜氏盐藻hog1基因片段

根据NCBI上已经报道的hog1序列,利用简并引物在线设计工具CODEHOP设计出两对简并引物,通过巢式PCR扩增,得到一段大小为635 bp的基因片段,将其克隆到T载体上并测序,将测得的序列在NCBI的Blast搜索发现,其与已报道的其他一些物种的hog1基因有同源性.用CODEHOP程序化设计简并引物可信性强,阳性率高.该基因的成功克隆为研究杜氏盐藻的HOG信号途径奠定了基础.     

东海野生灰鲳mtDNA D-loop序列遗传变异分析

以东海区野生灰鲳背部肌肉的线粒体DNA为模板,采用PCR技术对7个个体的D-loop序列进行了扩增,通过对PCR产物进行双向测序,最终得到了471 bp的核苷酸片断(除去两端部分序列)。用DNAMAN6.0软件进行了排序比较发现,东海野生灰鲳的D-loop序列同源性高达99.48%;用DNASP4.0软件分析得知,7个序列共有6个单倍型(在GenBank登录号:GU970085-GU970087,GU970089-GU970091),在7个个体中,共检测到14个变异位点,包括13个转换和1个颠换位点。运用MEGA4.0软件计算出了不同个体间的遗传距离,并据此构建了MP和NJ系统树。用DNASP4.0软件计算出的多态位点数为14,核苷酸多样性指数和平均核苷酸差异数分别为0.009 71和4.571。研究结果表明,东海野生灰鲳的D-loop序列个体变异程度并不丰富。     

中国部分地方牛种mtDNA D-loop区全序列的遗传多样性与系统进化分析

利用PCR测序及生物信息学分析技术,对我国5个地方黄牛品种、5个地方水牛品种及2个地方牦牛品种的mtDNA D-loop区全序列进行PCR扩增以及核苷酸多样度、单倍型多样度分析,发现中国地方黄牛、水牛与牦牛具有丰富的遗传多样性.对试验牛mtDNA D-loop区全序列与牛亚科代表性物种黄牛、水牛、家牦牛、野牦牛、欧洲普通牛、印度瘤牛以及摩拉水牛相应序列进行系统发育分析.结果显示:黄牛与牦牛的亲缘关系较近,它们与水牛的亲缘关系较远;中国水牛属于沼泽型水牛,也有少量江河型水牛渐渗入中国水牛群体;中国黄牛为普通牛和瘤牛的混合母系起源;进化树显示高原牦牛与野牦牛的亲缘关系较近,环湖牦牛与家牦牛的亲缘关系较近.     

线粒体D-Loop区全序列分析A2a基因敲除小鼠生产扩大群的遗传稳定性

目的采用线粒体D-Loop全序列测定法对A2a基因敲除小鼠近交系生产扩大群中的小鼠进行了遗传稳定性分析。方法对5个子代A2a杂合子50只小鼠的线粒体DNA D-Loop区进行了PCR扩增,产物纯化后测序,其结果与小鼠线粒体标准序列比对,分析50只小鼠之间的序列差异。结果发现检测的50只小鼠的D-Loop基因序列完全一致,且与小鼠线粒体标准序列完全一致。结论 A2a基因敲除小鼠扩大繁殖群具有较好的遗传稳定性,同时为进一步研究A2a小鼠提供遗传学资料。     

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Bronze Age horses recovered from Chifeng region, Inner Mongolia, China

In this study, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis was carried out on 9 Bronze Age horses recovered from Dashanqian and Jinggouzi archaeological sites in Chifeng region, Inner Mongolia. China to explore the origin of Chinese domestic horses. Both mtDNA 16S rRNA gene and control region (D-loop) fragments of ancient horses were amplified and sequenced. The analysis of the highly conservative 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the burial environment of Chifeng region is suitable for the preservation of ancient DNA (aDNA). Combing 465 mtDNA D-loop sequences representing different breeds from East Asia, Central Asia, Near East and Europe, we constructed a phylogenetic network to investigate the relationship between ancient and modern horses. The phylogenetic network showed that the 9 horses were distributed into different modern horse clusters which were closely related to them representing a certain geographical distribution. Our results showed that the maternal genetic line of the ancient horses in Chifeng region was highly diversified, which contributed to the gene pool of modern domestic horses and suggested a complex origin of domestic horses in China.     

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Bronze Age horses recovered from Chifeng region, Inner Mongolia, China

In this study, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis was carried out on 9 Bronze Age horses recovered from Dashanqian and Jinggouzi archaeological sites in Chifeng region, Inner Mongolia. China to explore the origin of Chinese domestic horses. Both mtDNA 16S rRNA gene and control region (D-loop) fragments of ancient horses were amplified and sequenced. The analysis of the highly conservative 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the burial environment of Chifeng region is suitable for the preservation of ancient DNA (aDNA). Combing 465 mtDNA D-loop sequences representing different breeds from East Asia, Central Asia, Near East and Europe, we constructed a phylogenetic network to investigate the relationship between ancient and modern horses. The phylogenetic network showed that the 9 horses were distributed into different modern horse clusters which were closely related to them representing a certain geographical distribution. Our results showed that the maternal genetic line of the ancient horses in Chifeng region was highly diversified, which contributed to the gene pool of modern domestic horses and suggested a complex origin of domestic horses in China.     

两种蚂蚁体内wolbachia的WSP基因序列测定

应用WSP基因通用引物,通过PCR方法,对所采日本弓背蚁和棒刺大头蚁体内的 wolbachia进行检测．结果发现在部分蚂蚁个体中可以扩增出约550 bp(日本弓背蚁)和530 bp(棒刺大头蚁)的特异性目的片段．表明所采集的蚂蚁标本中具有沃尔巴克氏体．将所得WSP基因序列与Gen Bank中的蚁科已知wolbachia品系WSP基因序列作比对分析,发现它们同A大组的 InsA组的wolbachia株十分相近．     

牦牛牛病毒性腹泻病毒P20和P14基因的克隆及序列分析

参考GenBank中多个BVDV毒株基因组序列,利用生物软件primer5.0设计两对引物,扩增出BVDV牦牛株 P20基因和P14基因.结果表明,克隆得到的P20基因序列为504 bp,与GenBank上发表的BVDV P20大小一致,P14基因序列为312 bp,与GenBank上发表的BVDV毒株比较有6个插入碱基.核苷酸序列的同源性及系统发生分析的结果表明,牦牛(Yak)株属于BVDV-1.     

Analysis of RAPD and mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences from Trichiurus lepturus and Eupleurogrammus muticus in the Yellow Sea

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique is applied to 12 individuals from each species of the hairtail fishes Trichiurus lepturus and Eupleurogrammus muticus in the Yellow Sea. The percentage of polymorphic sites, degree of genetic polymorphism and genetic distance are compared and the phylogenetic tree is constructed by Neighbor-joining method. The partial mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene is amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR products are directly sequenced after being purified. These sequences, together with the homologous sequences of another Trichiuridae species Lepidopus caudatus obtained from GenBank, are used to analyze nucleotide difference and to construct a UPGMA phylogenetic tree by means of biological informatics. Analysis shows: (1) the RAPD technique is a highly sensitive method for investigating genetic diversity in T. lepturus, and E. muticus. T. lepturus exhibits a lower polymorphism and genetic diversity than E. muticus; (2) according to the analysis of the partial mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences, a very low intraspecific variation and considerably high divergence among species were found, which reveals a dual nature of conservatism and variability in mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene; (3) five primers generate the species-specific RAPD sites and these sites can be served as the molecular markers for species identification and (4) it can be proved at DNA variation level that T. lepturus and E. muticus are of two species respectively pertaining to different genera, which supports the Nelson taxonomic conclusion.     

An easy-to-use site-directed mutagenesis method with a designed restriction site for convenient and reliable mutant screening

Site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) has been a very important method to probe the function-structure relationship of proteins. In this study, we introduced an easy-to-use, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based SDM method for double-stranded plasmid DNA, with a designed restriction site to ensure simple and efficient mutant screening. The DNA sequence to be mutated was first translated into amino acid sequence and then the amino acid sequence was reversely translated into DNA sequence with degenerate codons, resulting in a large number of sequences with silent mutations, which contained various restriction endonuclease (RE) sites. Certain mutated sequence with an appropriate RE site was selected as the target DNA sequence for designing a pair of mutation primers to amplify the full-length plasmid via inverse PCR. The amplified product was 5′-phosphorylated, circularized, and transformed into an Escherichia coli host. The transformants were screened by digesting with the designed RE. This protocol uses only one pair of primers and only one PCR is conducted, without the need for hybridization with hazardous isotope for mutant screening or subcloning step.     

纤细眼虫(Euglena gracilis)核纤层蛋白基因的初步研究

目的：探讨在纤细眼虫(Euglena gracilis)中是否存在核纤层蛋白(lamin)基因，为核纤层蛋白基因的起源与进化研究提供线索．方法：以较为低等生物的核纤层蛋白基因cDNA序列为参考，设计引物P0010和P0012，以纤细眼虫总DNA为模板进行PCR，PCR产物回收、测序．由于不能获取完整序列，所以据测序结果又设计了P0013和P0014两条中间引物，组成P0010／P0013和P0014／P0012引物对进行PCR，回收产物测序．结果：P0010／P0012、P0010／P0013和P0014／P0012引物对进行PCR分别获得775、400和395bp的特异性PCR产物，对这3种产物分别测序，最终获得了P0010和P0012之间的全序列，共775bp．结论：在纤细眼虫中存在着核纤层蛋白基因．