Pleonaste in Boxian meteorite

There are three kinds of occurrence of pleonaste, a rare meteoritic mineral, totally found in Boxian meteorite. They are as the following: (ⅰ) occurring in the inner circle of the chondrule edge, of which a circle texture is composed; (ⅱ) occurring in the state of inclusions, included in an olivine chondrule, with close paragenesis of wadsleyite; (ⅲ) occurring in the state of porphyry. The chondrule in the first occurrence belongs to CA chondrules. The chemical compositions of pleonaste are heterogeneity except for the atomic ratios of Fe/(Mg+Fe), which can be attributed to the following reasons: (ⅰ) they are congenetic minerals; (ⅱ) the heterogeneity of the compositions of the solar clouds in the early states; (ⅲ) the chondrites are the multiple-stage evolution; (ⅳ) the further proof of Boxian meteorite is an unequilibrium common chondrite.     

TRANSFORMATION OF STRUCTURE IN POLYACRYLONITRILE FIBRES DURING STABILIZATION

The Lonversion of polyacrylonitrile(PAN)fibre to carbon fibre consists of an oxidative stabili-zation process in which the PAN fibre is heated between 200-300℃ in air to give a thermally co-herent structure.The structural changes of PAN fibres during stabilization have been investigatedusing Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)and Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC).An attempt has also been made to follow the conversion of the structure using Ramanspectroscopy as a complementary technique.The FTIR spectra of the fibres subjected to variousdegree of heat treatment show a continuous decrease in nitrile absorption and a simultaneous in-crease in intensity of the C=N and/or C=C bands as the stabilization proceeds.A conversion ra-tio(CR)is defined as the intensity of the C=N and/or C=C bands relative to that of the nitrilegroups.The exotherm present in the DSC experiments was observed to weaken progressively dur-ing the stabilization process.It is confirmed that the original PAN structure is dissipating and thenew ladder polymer is being formed.     

Colossal magnetoresistance and spin-glass properties of La1－xTexMnO3 (x = 0.04, 0.1)

For the first time, a novel material of La1-x^-TexMnO3 (x = 0.04, 0.1), in which the La ions are replaced by the nonmetal element Te in the Chalcogen, has been synthesized. The material has a rhombohedral lattice with the space group of R 3^- c, and Te ions have a tetravalence state. The curves of the resistivity vs. temperature indicate that this material has the property of a metal-semiconductor transition and the colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) effect. The maximum magnetoreistance ratio MR= [p(0) - p(H)]/p(0) is about 51% at 4 T for x = 0.1. Besides, a spin-glass behavior at low magnetic fields is observed in this compound.     

Linear Dynamical System over Finite Distributive Lattice

A finite dynamical system (FDS) over a lattice Lis a pair (S(L),f),where S(L) is a left-L module and f is a mapping from S into itself.The phase space of (S(L),f)is a digraph whose vertex set is S (L) and there is an arc from x to y if y=f(x).Let L be a finite distributive lattice,A an n×n matrix over L,and f(x)=Ax.The structure of the phase space of the FDS (L~n,f) is discussed.The number of limit cycles in the phase space of (L~n,f) is described in M■ bius function.The phase spaces of some invertible,nilpotent,and idempotent FDS (L~n,f) are characterized explicitly.     

Determination of Henry''s Law constant for methyl hydroperoxide by long path FTIR

Methyl hydroperoxide (MHP, CH3OOH) is one of the main organic peroxides in the atmosphere. In order to understand how MHP partitions in atmospheric gas and liquid phases, the Henry's Law constant for its aqueous solution is determined. A novel technique is established for measuring gas-phase MHP concentration, I.e. The gas phase is collected by a gas-bag and then analyzed by long path Fourier transform infrared (LP-FTIR) spectrometry. At 283 K～303 K, the temperature dependence of the Henry's Law constant for MHP can be expressed as lnKH= a/T - b, a = 4386 ± 140, b = 9.19 ± 0.48, where KH is in unit of molar concentration per atm,and T is in degrees Kelvin. The standard heat of solution is 36.45 ± 1.16 kJ? K- 1? mol-1.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of tetranuclear zinc benzoate

A tetranuclear zinc benzoate Zr4O(C6H5CO2)6 was synthesized and characterized by X-ray single crystal determination. It crystallizes in cubic, space group Ia-3d. Its crystal cell is very large, α=4.10063(18)nm, V=68.953(5)nm^3 and Z=48. The structure is composed of discrete Zr4O(C6H5CO2)6 molecules. In each molecule, four zinc atoms are held together by a central oxygen atom, which results in the formation of a regular tetrahedron. All benzoate ligands coordinate to zinc atoms in a bidentate bridging mode. Each zinc atom is in a slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry, coordinated by three benzoate oxygen atoms and the central oxygen atom. The intermolecular interactions result in the formation of a three-dimensional supramolecular framework, with non-intersecting parallel channels.     

Latitude-dependence and dispersion of the westward drift in the geomagnetic field

The main geomagnetic field models of IGRF1900---2000 are used to study the latitude-dependence of the westward drift in the main field. The results show that the latitude-dependence exists in the magnetic components with different wavelengths (m=l-10). The globai-average westward drift rate of the component of m=l is 0.189°/a with the maximum of 0.295°/a at latitudes 40°-45°. The component of m=2 has an average drift rate of 0.411°/a with the maximum of 1.305°/a at latitude -60°. As for the components with further shorter wavelengths, the drift is generally restricted in a limited latitude range, and has many smaller drift rates. This latitude-dependence of westward drift can not be explained by rigid rotation of the earth's core. The results of this note also show that there is a negative dispersion in the westward drift, namely the components of long wavelengths drift faster than those of short wavelengths.This dispersion feature is not in agreement with Hide's MHD model. It is likely needed to find a new mechanism for explaining the observed feature of dispersion.     

Comparative studies on zooplankton community between the sea surface microlayer and the subsurface microlayer in Daya Bay, China

Characteristics of the zooplankton community inhabiting the sea surface microlayer (SM) and the sub-surface microlayer (SSM) are compared at six sampling stations in Daya Bay, near Shenzhen City of China during 2 cruises in 1999. This is the first study on zooplankton community in the SM in China. Results show that protozoans and nauplii are the most dominant components, accounting for 80.71% (SM) and 89.15% (SSM) of the total zooplankton in the average abundance, respectively. The densities of copepods (adult + copepodid) are higher in the SSM than in the SM. The size-frequency distributions indicate that the frequency of micro-zooplankton (<0.2 mm) is higher in the SM (0.8235, n=290) than in the SSM (0.6768, n=306). Enrichment phenomenon of zooplankton is detected in the SM at the sampling stations excluding two stations near nuclear power plants (NPP). The enrichment factor is from 1.516 to 3.364 with the average value of 2.267. The SM zooplankton community structure revealed in the present study is quite different from previous investigations in the Bay. Typical sea water characteristics such as turbidity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) indicate that the water quality is poorer in the SM than in the SSM.     

Thermal conductivity of nanoscale thin nickel films

The inhomogeneous non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) scheme is applied to model phonon heat conduction in thin nickel films. The electronic contribution to the thermal conductivity of the film is deduced from the electrical conductivity through the use of the Wiedemann-Franz law. At the average temperature of T=300 K, which is lower than the Debye temperature ΘD=450 K, the results show that in a film thickness range of about 1?11 nm, the calculated cross-plane thermal conductivity decreases almost linearly with the decreasing film thickness, exhibiting a remarkable reduction compared with the bulk value. The electrical and thermal conductivities are anisotropic in thin nickel films for the thickness under about 10 nm. The phonon mean free path is estimated and the size effect on the thermal conductivity is attributed to the reduction of the phonon mean free path according to the kinetic theory.     

含镍磁黄铁矿尾矿氧化动力学及机理研究

X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and mass spectrometry have been used to study the products of nickel-containing pyrrhotite tailings oxidation by oxygen in the air. The kinetic triplets of oxidation, namely, activation energy (E_a), pre-exponential factor (A), and reaction model (f(α)) being a function of the conversion degree (α), were adjusted by regression analysis. In case of a two-stage process representation, the first step proceeds under autocatalysis control and ends at α = 0.42. The kinetic triplet in the first step is E_a = 262.2 kJ/mol, lg A = 14.53 s?1, and f(α) = (1 – α)4.11(1 + 1.51 × 10–4α). For the second step, the process is controlled by the two-dimensional diffusion of the reactants in the layer of oxidation products. The kinetic triplet in the second step is Е_a = 215.0 kJ/mol, lg A = 10.28 s?1, and f(α) = (–ln(1 – α))–1. The obtained empirical formulae for the rate of pyrrhotite tailings oxidation reliably describe the macro-mechanism of the process and can be used to design automatization systems for roasting these materials.     

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation for nickel-containing pyrrhotite tailings

X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and mass spectrometry have been used to study the products of nickel-containing pyrrhotite tailings oxidation by oxygen in the air.The kinetic triplets of oxidation, namely, activation energy(E_a), pre-exponential factor(A), and reaction model(f(α)) being a function of the conversion degree(α), were adjusted by regression analysis. In case of a two-stage process representation, the first step proceeds under autocatalysis control and ends at α = 0.42. The kinetic triplet in the first step is E_a = 262.2 kJ/mol, lg A = 14.53 s~(-1), and f(α) =(1 –α)~(4.11)(1 + 1.51 ×10~(–4)α). For the second step, the process is controlled by the two-dimensional diffusion of the reactants in the layer of oxidation products. The kinetic triplet in the second step is Еa = 215.0 kJ/mol, lg A = 10.28 s~(-1), and f(α) =(–ln(1 –α))~(–1). The obtained empirical formulae for the rate of pyrrhotite tailings oxidation reliably describe the macro-mechanism of the process and can be used to design automatization systems for roasting these materials.     

Forcing mechanisms for East-Asia monsoonal variations during the late pleistocene

Based on the climate records derived from loess deposits in north-central China, the characteristics of the East-Asia paleomonsoonal changes during the Late Pleistocene are summarized as follows: (ⅰ) The 0.1_Ma climate period is predominant in both summer and winter monsoonal changes over East Asia; (ⅱ) The East-Asia monsoonal variation is different from the Indian monsoon during the Late Pleistocene; (ⅲ) There is a ～5_ka time lag of the East-Asia monsoon changes relative to the theoretically calculated solar radiation changes; (ⅳ) There is a general trend toward increase in winter monsoon and decrease in summer monsoon in the last glaciation; (ⅴ) In the East-Asia monsoonal region, the amplitude of glacial-to-interglacial cycles shows a remarkable increase from south to north. To explain these characteristics, a conceptual model is developed and the forcing of global ice volume variations in the monsoonal history is emphasized.     

Molecular dynamics simulation and continuum modelling of granular surface flow in rotating drums

Numerical simulations of granular flows in rotating drums operated at medium to high rates (Fr=0.1― 0.2) have been carried out by using a Molecular Dynamics (MD) algorithm that incorporates inelastic particle interactions, sliding friction and rolling friction. The results indicate that the behavior of granular flow in rotating drums can be classified into two distinct zones: a shear active layer at the bed surface and a quasi-static plug flow region adjacent to the wall. The residence time of a tracer particle in the active layer is approximately a third or a half of that in the plug flow region. The thickness of the active layer at mid-chord is about 0.57―0.61 times that of the plug flow region. It is found that all cases simulated in this work are in the rolling-cascading intermediate regime instead of the pure rolling re-gime. The simulated tangential velocity at the mid-chord is also compared with experimental results reported in the literature and good agreement has been obtained. Based on the MD simulations and experimental results, a continuum approach has also been developed. It is shown that the behavior of granular solids in the plug flow region experiences plastic deformation along the radial direction from the wall with the velocity profiles well described by an exponential function, whereas the active layer velocity follows a simple expression for the Couette shear flow. Discussion has also been made on the granular temperature and concentration profiles.     

锥巴拿赫空间上(α,β)-导子的稳定性

The Hyers-Ulam stability of ( α,β ) - derivations from a unital ring R to a R -bimodulewhich is a cone Banach space with the cone norm ||·||P , whereP is a normal cone in a real Banach spaceE is investigated associated with the following functional equation f (( a + b) c ) = f ( a ) α ( c ) + β ( a ) f ( c ) + f (b) α ( c ) + β (b) f ( c ) using the fixed point method and the direct method respectively.     

BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS FOR FULLY NONLINEAR UNIFORMLY ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS OF SECOND IN UNBOUNDED DOMAINS

We consider fully nonlinear equations of the formF(z,u,Du,D~2u) = F(x,y,u,u_z,u_y,u_zz,u_zy,u_yy) = 0 (1)in unbounded open subset G = R~2\Ωof the plane R~2,where F is a real continuous function on U = G×R×R~2×R~3 and Ω= Ω_i,Ω_i is a simply connected region (i=1,2,",N) . We assume the function F hascontinuous partial der ivatives F_(u_zz), F_(u_zy), F_(u_yy). on U.For a real function r C( G) a real function u(x,y) is called a solution of (1) satisfyingu = r on G,(2)if there exists a constant P0>2 such that u C~1 ( ) W~(2.p)_(Loc)0 (G) satisfies (1) almost everywhere and (2)in the common sense.The method for treating the above exterior Dirichlet problem in a given unbounded region is as fol-     

Microstructural features of flower like Fe brushite

The iron doped brushite(Fe-DCPD) nano particles were synthesized via co-precipitation method with Fe concentrations(0 ≤x≤ 1) in steps 0.2. The influence of iron concentration on the crystallinity, particle shape,morphology, optical, magnetic and electrical properties was investigated. The results showed that iron doping content is the crucial factor in the variation of physical properties. The particle shape changed from spheres at x=0.2 to be fiber network at x = 0.8. The saturation magnetization(Ms) increased from 0.4(emu/g) at x = 0.2 to 1.6(emu/g) at x = 0.8 which is considered more than four times with a considerable decrease of coercive field.     

Pattern formation in Rayleigh-Bénard convection: Numerical simulation with a coupled-map-lattice model

The various patterns formed in Rayleigh-Bé-nard convection under different conditions are numerically simulated with a coupled-map-lattice model. In the case of a lower aspect ratio (L/d=5), the simulations vividly depicted the main features of the transition process from a laminar state to a soft turbulence and then to a hard turbulence. In this case, the cellular structure in a horizontal section is also reproduced. In the case of a larger aspect ratio (L/d=30), the simulations successfully reproduced the spiral-defect chaos and target chaos in the initial stage of the pattern evolution which were recently found in experiments. In this case, for a fluid of Pr=1, it is verified in simulations that both the ideal straight rolls and spiral-defect chaos are stable attractors in the same parameter regime, and that the initial condition is a decisive factor for which one of the two is formed. In the same case, for a fluid of Pr=4, the target patterns are dominant instead of the spirals, the sizes and distri     

Progress on low symmetric nonlinear optical crystals Ca4RO(BO3)3(R =Gd, Y)

The basic properties of a new type of nonlinear optical crystals Ca4 RO( BO3 )3 ( R = Gd, Y) are introduced. The research progress in these crystals is reviewed. Their potential applications in the nonlinear optical fields are discussed.     

Speciation of the genus Arthricocephalus Bergeron, 1899 (Trilobita) from the late Early Cambrian and its stratigraphic significance

The genus Arthricocephalus Bergeron, 1899 is revised, and Halipanktos Balker & Peel, 1997 is suggested here as a senior synonym. The subgenus Arthricocephalus (Arthricocephalites) Chien & Lin in Lu et al. , 1974 is considered as a separate genus. Of the 20 previously assigned species of Arthricocephaius (Arthricocephalus) Bergeron, 1899, Arthricocephalus (Arthricocephalites) Chien & Lin in Lu et al. , 1974, Arthricocephalus (Euarthricocephalus) Ju, 1983 are lumped into eight species. The speciation trend of Arthricocephalus and Arthricocephalites is demonstrated based on their stratigraphic occurrences. It not only enhances the resolution of the biostatigraphic zonation in the uppermost Lower Cambrian, but also represents a potential candidate to define the Duyunian stage. The base of the stage is suggested at the first appearance datum (FAD) of Arthricocephalus chauveaui Bergeron, 1899 within the evolutionary lineage from Ar. jiangkouensis Yin in Yin & Li, 1978 to Ar. chauveaui in a global scale.     

A new design method for asymmetrical head gradient coils used for superconducting MRI scanner

A novel approach of asymmetrical gradient coil design for head imaging in MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is presented in this paper. The design is based on a modified target field method in which the stream function is introduced to replace Blaine's scheme for the length control. The transverse head coil calculated by this method has a high performance. The coil efficiency is 0.41 mT/m/A and the inductance is 512 μH. The coil has an inner diameter of 32 cm and a length of 45.8 cm. The size of the ROU (region of uniformity) is 20 cm along the transverse direction and 17 cm along the axial direction and it is close to one end of the coil. The ROU of the coil matches the ROI (region of interest) of human head very well. Compared with previous designs, our design has relatively high performance and the overlap between the ROU and the ROI is larger (the overlap percent is 95 % ).