禽流感病毒概述

禽流感(Avian Ifluenza，AI)是由禽流感病毒(Avian Influenza Virus，AIV)引起的一种烈性传染病，也是严重危害畜牧业和人类健康的一种传染性疾病．从禽流感病毒的分类、形态结构、核酸特点、抵抗力、毒力及其变异等角度对其进行综述，以便为防治禽流感提供一定的参考．     

Molecular patterns of avian influenza A viruses

Avian influenza A viruses could get across the species barrier and be fatal to humans. Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus was an example. The mechanism of interspecies transmission is not clear as yet. In this research, the protein sequences of 237 influenza A viruses with different subtypes were transformed into pseudo-signals. The energy features were extracted by the method of wavelet packet decomposition and used for virus classification by the method of hierarchical clustering. The clustering results showed that five patterns existed in avian influenza A viruses, which associated with the phenotype of interspecies transmission, and that avian viruses with patterns C and E could across species barrier and those with patterns A, B and D might not have the abilities. The results could be used to construct an early warning system to predict the transmissibility of avian influenza A viruses to humans.     

江浙沪地区H7N9禽流感事件中的脆弱性与康复力影响因素

2013年春季在我国发生的H7N9禽流感事件,是一次公共卫生领域的恶性突发事件,在全国产生了严重的影响。研究和评估该事件的脆弱性与康复力,对于我国突发公共卫生体系的建设具有较大的借鉴意义。本文选择江浙沪地区感染H7N9禽流感的病例为研究对象,从承灾体脆弱性以及响应主体康复力的角度分析、审视我国突发性公共卫生事件的管理体系,以期探求改进我国公共卫生疫情处置的最佳途径和方法。     

Characterization of the 1918 influenza virus polymerase genes

The influenza A viral heterotrimeric polymerase complex (PA, PB1, PB2) is known to be involved in many aspects of viral replication and to interact with host factors, thereby having a role in host specificity. The polymerase protein sequences from the 1918 human influenza virus differ from avian consensus sequences at only a small number of amino acids, consistent with the hypothesis that they were derived from an avian source shortly before the pandemic. However, when compared to avian sequences, the nucleotide sequences of the 1918 polymerase genes have more synonymous differences than expected, suggesting evolutionary distance from known avian strains. Here we present sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the complete genome of the 1918 influenza virus, and propose that the 1918 virus was not a reassortant virus (like those of the 1957 and 1968 pandemics), but more likely an entirely avian-like virus that adapted to humans. These data support prior phylogenetic studies suggesting that the 1918 virus was derived from an avian source. A total of ten amino acid changes in the polymerase proteins consistently differentiate the 1918 and subsequent human influenza virus sequences from avian virus sequences. Notably, a number of the same changes have been found in recently circulating, highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses that have caused illness and death in humans and are feared to be the precursors of a new influenza pandemic. The sequence changes identified here may be important in the adaptation of influenza viruses to humans.     

禽流感及人感染高致病性禽流感的危害和防治措施

阐述了禽流感病毒的特点及其流行病学特征,着重介绍了人感染高致病性禽流感的致病机制、治疗措施和预防的方法。     

科力对鸡大肠杆菌病的防治研究

纯中草药制剂“科力”和西药阿莫西林对鸡大肠杆菌病的治疗结果表明：“科力”不仅具有显著的治疗作用、其疗效与阿莫西林相当，而且在提高鸡群采食量、恢复鸡群生产性能方面具有显著的促进作用。     

应用PCR技术对家禽病毒性肿瘤病进行鉴别诊断的研究进展

概述聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术应用于家禽马立克氏病、禽白血病和网状内皮增生症鉴别诊断的研究进展,主要内容包括病毒的基因组结构特征,各病毒的特异性基因或序列及其ＰＣＲ引物的位置和序列,以及ＰＣＲ技术对肿瘤病特异鉴别诊断的应用。将ＰＣＲ技术与其它传统的技术进行比较,ＰＣＲ技术具有敏感性高、特异性好、快速、简便的特点,是目前鉴别诊断家禽病毒性肿瘤病最有效的、最快捷的方法之一。     

家禽胚胎干细胞的研究进展

阐述了干细胞及胚胎干细胞的概念，它的发展历程，着重讨论了家禽胚胎发育的特点以及家禽胚胎干细胞的分离与体外培养方法及应用前景，将来的发展方向。     

草海自然保护区春季鸟类群落结构及现存生物量

2011年春季采用样线法对贵州草海自然保护区的鸟类进行调查,按照生境特征分为农田、蔬菜地、草甸、水域、树林5个鸟类群落,共记录到鸟类89种,隶属15目34科.其中,树林鸟类群落的密度(MD)最高(13.81只·hm-2),草甸鸟类群落的现存生物量(EB)最高(25 057 g·hm-2),水域生境中的物种数(47种)、...