碳纳米管储氢性能及H2分子扩散现象的分子动力学研究

本文采用Brenner及LJ混合势对H2在C纳米管的吸附及H2分子在C纳米管中的扩散性质进行了分子动力学模拟. 通过模拟轨迹的分析,分别计算了C-H之间的径向分布函数、H2分子在单壁C纳米管的均方位移及通过对H2分子的均方位移的分析,计算了不同温度下的H2分子在C纳米管中的扩散系数,分析了温度对扩散系数的影响.     

载铜活性炭络合吸附乙烯的研究

通过分子轨道计算对CuCl2络合吸附C2H4的行为进行了分子模拟研究,并在计算过程中考虑了载体活性炭的影响因素,确定了活性炭上CuCl2与C2H4作用的微观吸附结构,一个CuCl2分子至多只能吸附一个C2H4分子。     

外电场对H_2O分子在FeN_3-G催化剂上吸附的影响

采用密度泛函理论的方法研究了外电场对H2O分子在Fe N3-G上吸附的影响。计算结果表明:随着外加正电场的逐渐增强,H2O分子和Fe N3-G表面之间的相互作用力增强,吸附能越负,H2O分子与表面之间的距离减小。相反,随着负电场的逐渐增强,H2O分子和Fe N3-G表面之间的相互作用力减弱,吸附能越正,H2O分子与表面之间的距离增大。可见,外电场对H2O分子在Fe N3-G表面上的吸附行为有很大的影响。因此,外电场可以为调节H2O分子在金属-石墨烯催化剂上的吸附提供一个新的途径,并且未来有可能在催化剂的催化活性及应用前景上产生积极的影响。     

高温下2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)热分解动力学模拟

应用分子动力学模拟方法研究了2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)在纯高温下的分解机理,研究结果表明TNT初始分解机理主要为C-NO2键的断裂和NO2-ONO重新排列导致O-N键发生断裂,然后发生H原子转移反应形成H2O,HONO和HO分子;通过对TNT热分解反应物和生成物的研究结果表明N2和H2O分子是TNT分解过程中最稳定的生成物,NO2,NO和HONO分子为TNT热分解过程中的中间产物;在高温4500K,CO,H2,CO2和OH分子出现的频率逐渐提高,表明这几种分子在高温下更容易形成.     

咪唑修饰的新型多钨酸盐的超分子组装及晶体结构

在常规条件下,合成了一个新型超分子化合物(C3H5N2)6[H2W12O40]·5H2O。通过X射线单晶结构分析、红外光谱及元素分析对该化合物进行了表征。结果表明,该化合物的单元结构包含一个[H2W12O40]6-、六个质子化的咪唑和五个游离的水分子。其中[H2W12O40]6-在bc平面上利用氢键作用连接形成二维网络结构,质子化的咪唑分子分散在同多阴离子的周围,并通过氢键作用形成了超分子化合物。     

羟基苯甲醛乙酰腙及铜配合物的合成及超分子结构

为研究羟基苯甲醛酰腙与金属的配位方式,合成了2-羟基苯甲醛乙酰腙(H2L1)和4-羟基苯甲醛乙酰腙(H2L2),将它们分别与溴化铜反应,得到一个单核金属铜配合物[CuHL1-2H2O]+.Br-(配合物1)和一个水合物[H2L2.H2O](水合物2).单晶X-衍射分析表明:配合物1属于单斜晶系,P2(1)/n空间群,晶体中相邻分子通过O—H…Br…H—N和O—H…Br…H—O两种类型氢键交替地连接成一维层状结构和二维片状结构.在水合物2中,分子间氢键将非手性H2L2分子连接成无限的单链螺旋结构,结晶水将这些单链螺旋连接成三维氢键结构.结果说明:在含水溶剂中2-羟基苯甲醛酰腙较易与金属离子配位,而4-羟基苯甲醛酰腙则易通过分子间氢键形成单链螺旋.     

H2分子振动能级的数值模拟

Varshni势较好地描述了双原子分子势函数. 通过调整Varshni势的参数,精确计算出H2分子的各个振动能级. 研究表明,调参后的Varshni势能够更好地拟合H2分子的振动能级,为计算机模拟"H2分子振动能级实验"奠定了基础.     

一种由4种氢键构筑的Gd~(3+)的超分子配合物的合成、结构和荧光性质(英文)

合成了一种Gd3+的超分子配合物[Gd(HBTA)(BTA)(H2O)4].2H2O(1)(H2BTA=bis(tetrazoly)amine).X射线单晶表征结果显示,化合物1是一种由O H N,N H O,N H N和O H O4种氢键构筑的超分子三维网状结构.该化合物的固体在室温下显示出有趣的荧光性质.     

Li原子修饰缺陷蓝磷单层储氢性能的第一性原理研究

本文基于第一性原理计算,系统地研究了碱金属Li原子修饰缺陷蓝磷单层体系的储氢性能. 研究结果表明,双空位缺陷DV2的引入可以有效增强Li原子与蓝磷单层间的相互作用,能够有效阻止单层表面Li团簇的形成. 单个Li原子可以稳定吸附3个H2分子,H2分子平均吸附能为0.248 eV/H2. 电子结构分析表明,H2分子主要通过极化机制和轨道杂化作用吸附在Li修饰的缺陷蓝磷单层体系上. 此外,本文还研究了温度和压强对Li/DV2体系储氢性能的影响. 结果表明,在室温和低压条件下,H2分子可以稳定吸附在Li/DV2体系表面,从而实现室温条件下的可逆储氢.     

非对称分子中的电流开关效应第一性原理研究

该文采用基于密度泛函理论的非平衡格林函数方法研究了非对称分子HOOC-C6H4-(CH2)2的输运特性.非对称分子HOOC-C6H4-(CH2)2放在具有有限截面的Al(100)电极中.研究发现,非对称分子HOOC-C6H4-(CH2)2中存在很好的电流开关现象:随着外加偏压的升高,通过分子的电流迅速增加;但是当偏压升高到0.6 V之后,电流开始减少;在1.3 V时,电流几乎处于截止状态.得到了很高的开关流系数~40,非对称分子HOOC-C6H4-(CH2)2的这种导电特性将能在未来的分子器件中有着非常重要的应用.通过分析各种偏压下的透射谱图,阐述了分子开关产生的原因.     

Chloride/proton antiporter activity of mammalian CLC proteins ClC-4 and ClC-5

ClC-4 and ClC-5 are members of the CLC gene family, with ClC-5 mutated in Dent's disease, a nephropathy associated with low-molecular-mass proteinuria and eventual renal failure. ClC-5 has been proposed to be an electrically shunting Cl- channel in early endosomes, facilitating intraluminal acidification. Motivated by the discovery that certain bacterial CLC proteins are secondary active Cl-/H+ antiporters, we hypothesized that mammalian CLC proteins might not be classical Cl- ion channels but might exhibit Cl(-)-coupled proton transport activity. Here we report that ClC-4 and ClC-5 carry a substantial amount of protons across the plasma membrane when activated by positive voltages, as revealed by measurements of pH close to the cell surface. Both proteins are able to extrude protons against their electrochemical gradient, demonstrating secondary active transport. H+, but not Cl-, transport was abolished when a pore glutamate was mutated to alanine (E211A). ClC-0, ClC-2 and ClC-Ka proteins showed no significant proton transport. The muscle channel ClC-1 exhibited a small H+ transport that might be physiologically relevant. For ClC-5, we estimated that Cl- and H+ transport contribute about equally to the total charge movement, raising the possibility that the coupled Cl-/H+ transport of ClC-4 and ClC-5 is of significant magnitude in vivo.     

Interaction between liquid water and hydroxide revealed by core-hole de-excitation

The hydroxide ion plays an important role in many chemical and biochemical processes in aqueous solution. But our molecular-level understanding of its unusual and fast transport in water, and of the solvation patterns that allow fast transport, is far from complete. One proposal seeks to explain the properties and behaviour of the hydroxide ion by essentially regarding it as a water molecule that is missing a proton, and by inferring transport mechanisms and hydration structures from those of the excess proton. A competing proposal invokes instead unique and interchanging hydroxide hydration complexes, particularly the hypercoordinated OH(-)(H(2)O)(4) species and tri-coordinated OH(-)(H(2)O)(3) that can form a transient hydrogen bond between the H atom of the OH(-) and a neighbouring water molecule. Here we report measurements of core-level photoelectron emission and intermolecular Coulombic decay for an aqueous hydroxide solution, which show that the hydrated hydroxide ion is capable of transiently donating a hydrogen bond to surrounding water molecules. In agreement with recent experimental studies of hydroxide solutions, our finding thus supports the notion that the hydration structure of the hydroxide ion cannot be inferred from that of the hydrated excess proton.     

Effects of H_2O_2 on Oxygen Supply in the Process of DCA Fermentation

IntroductionLong chainα,ω- dicarboxylic acids (DCA ) areversatile chemical intermediates used as rawmaterials for the preparation of perfumes,polymers,and adhesives[1] .Various strains of C.tropicalis are known to produce DCA whencultured with alkanes or fatty acids as the carbonsource[2 ,3] .　During aerobic and viscous fermentation,theoxygen supply is of crucial importance becauseinsufficient oxygen can lead to suboptimalproductivities[4 ] as well as products of low quality.Several meth…     

Activation of sodium-proton exchange is a prerequisite for Ca2+ mobilization in human platelets

Stimulated platelets take up sodium ions and release hydrogen ions due to activation of Na+/H+ exchange resulting in cytoplasmic alkalinization. Suppression of Na+/H+ exchange either by removal of extracellular Na+ or by application of amiloride inhibits shape change, secretion of granule contents and aggregation. The data we present here indicate that inhibition of this transport by ethylisopropyl-amiloride or by lowering extracellular sodium reduces or even completely suppresses the rise in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration that is essential for platelet aggregation in response to thrombin. We also demonstrate that cytoplasmic alkalinization produced by exposure to the ionophore monensin sensitizes the human platelet response to stimulation by thrombin resulting in enhanced Ca2+ mobilization and aggregability. We conclude that an increase in intracellular pH evoked by activation of Na+/H+ counter transport is an important signal in stimulus-response coupling and forms an essential step in the cascade of events required to increase cytoplasmic free Ca2+ in platelets.     

三维聚合物电解质膜燃料电池中水的输运模拟

针对新型螺旋形加压聚合物电解质膜燃料电池,提出了一种液态水生成和输运效应的数值模型.该数值模型基于燃料电池的物理机理、流体流动、传热导、多孔介质中的传质、电化学反应、含相变的多相流动、电流输运、多孔介质和固体导电区域中的位势场以及穿过聚合物膜的水的输运设计优化过程.在分析中还使用了燃料电池模型.例如,电化学模型--用于预测局部电流密度和电压分布;位势场模型--用于预测多孔介质以及固体导电区中的电流和电压;多相混合物模型--用于预测在多孔扩散层中的液态水和气体流;薄膜多相模型--用于研究气体流道中的液态水流.最后给出了聚合物电解质膜燃料电池液态水生成和输运的理论模型的数值结果,包括催化层和膜中的H2,O2和H2O的质量和克分子数的等值线图.     

Insulin-regulatable tissues express a unique insulin-sensitive glucose transport protein

At least three different glucose transport systems exist in mammalian cells. These are: (1) the constitutively active, facilitative carrier characteristic of human erythrocytes, Hep G2 (ref. 2) cells and rat brain; (2) the Na-dependent active transporter of kidney and small intestine; and (3) the facilitative carrier of rat liver (B. Thorens and H. F. Lodish, personal communication). A fourth possible glucose transport system is the insulin-dependent carrier that may be specific to muscle and adipose tissue. This transporter resides primarily in an intracellular compartment in resting cells from where it translocates to the cell surface upon cellular insulin exposure. This raises the question of whether hormonal regulation of glucose transport is conferred by virtue of a tissue-specific signalling mechanism or a tissue-specific glucose transporter. Here we present data supporting the latter concept based upon a monoclonal antibody against the fat cell glucose transporter that identifies a unique, insulin-regulatable glucose transport protein in muscle and adipose tissue.     

Structure and mechanism of a glutamate-GABA antiporter

Food-borne hemorrhagic Escherichia coli, exemplified by the strains O157:H7 and O104:H4 (refs?1, 2), require elaborate acid-resistance systems (ARs) to survive the extremely acidic environment such as the stomach (pH?≈?2). AR2 expels intracellular protons through the decarboxylation of L-glutamate (Glu) in the cytoplasm and exchange of the reaction product γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) with extracellular Glu. The latter process is mediated by the Glu-GABA antiporter GadC, a representative member of the amino-acid-polyamine-organocation superfamily of membrane transporters. The functional mechanism of GadC remains largely unknown. Here we show, with the use of an in vitro proteoliposome-based assay, that GadC transports GABA/Glu only under acidic conditions, with no detectable activity at pH values higher than 6.5. We determined the crystal structure of E.?coli GadC at 3.1?? resolution under basic conditions. GadC, comprising 12 transmembrane segments (TMs), exists in a closed state, with its carboxy-terminal domain serving as a plug to block an otherwise inward-open conformation. Structural and biochemical analyses reveal the essential transport residues, identify the transport path and suggest a conserved transport mechanism involving the rigid-body rotation of a helical bundle for GadC and other amino acid antiporters.     

Coenzyme Q is an obligatory cofactor for uncoupling protein function

Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are thought to be intricately controlled uncouplers that are responsible for the futile dissipation of mitochondrial chemiosmotic gradients, producing heat rather than ATP. They occur in many animal and plant cells and form a subfamily of the mitochondrial carrier family. Physiological uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation must be strongly regulated to avoid deterioration of the energy supply and cell death, which is caused by toxic uncouplers. However, an H+ transporting uncoupling function is well established only for UCP1 from brown adipose tissue, and the regulation of UCP1 by fatty acids, nucleotides and pH remains controversial. The failure of UCP1 expressed in Escherichia coli inclusion bodies to carry out fatty-acid-dependent H+ transport activity inclusion bodies made us seek a native UCP cofactor. Here we report the identification of coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) as such a cofactor. On addition of CoQ10 to reconstituted UCP1 from inclusion bodies, fatty-acid-dependent H+ transport reached the same rate as with native UCP1. The H+ transport was highly sensitive to purine nucleotides, and activated only by oxidized but not reduced CoQ. H+ transport of native UCP1 correlated with the endogenous CoQ content.     

FeCP_2(NB)/Fe~(3+)(W)在水/硝基苯界面的电子传递及卟啉的促进作用

应用微机联用四电极恒电位测试系统研究FeCP_2(NB)/Fe~(3+)(W)在水(W)/硝基苯(NB)界面发生的电子传递以及四苯卟啉及其第一过渡金属配合物(MTPP)对上述电子迁移过程的影响。结果表明,对W/NB界面体系,FeCP_2(NB)被Fe~(3+)(W)的氧化表现为可逆单电子迁移,其微观反应历程预想属复相电子迁移机理,H_2TPP对上述体系不起促进作用,而各MTPP则表现出不同程度的影响,其中,MnTPP与NiTPP促进作用最显著,FeClTPP作用微弱,CuTPP、ZnTPP、CoTPP却反有抑制作用。     

微细通道内甲烷部分催化氧化的反应特性

基于详细基元反应机理,对微细通道内Rh催化剂表面低浓度CH4部分催化氧化的反应特性进行了数值研究,重点考察了进口温度、CH4/O2体积比以及H2O对CH4部分催化氧化的影响.结果表明:在Rh催化剂表面,CH4的反应为动力学控制,而O2的反应为扩散控制;由于O2的高反应性,CH4首先与O2发生氧化反应,完全氧化产物和部分氧化产物均有生成;当O2被消耗以后,CH4与H2O发生重整反应,而CO2的重整反应没有发生;C/O体积比的增加会导致重整区积碳量的增加,从而CH4的转化率以及部分氧化产物的生成量降低,甚至重整反应停止;添加H2O能够有效地抑制积碳,并促进H2和CO2的生成.