Threshold effect of incident light intensity on the photorefractive light-induced scattering in double-doped lithium niobate crystals and its application

The formation mechanism of fanning noise in lithium niobate crystal is theoretically studied using the multi-wave mixing model. The threshold effect of incident light intensity for the photorefractive light-induced scattering in double doped lithium niobate crystal is explained by combining the multi-wave mixing model with the rwo-photorefrac-tive-sensitive-center model for single charge-carrier. Light amplification competition between the fanning noise and the signal beam in doped lithium niobate crystals is also studied. The existence of optimum photovoltaic field and optimum pump intensity is predicted theoretically.     

Channel noise-induced phase transition of spiral wave in networks of Hodgkin-Huxley neurons

The phase transition of spiral waves in networks of Hodgkin-Huxley neurons induced by channel noise is investigated in detail.All neurons in the networks are coupled with small-world connections,and the results are compared with the case for regular networks,in which all neurons are completely coupled with nearest-neighbor connections.A statistical variable is defined to study the collective behavior and phase transition of the spiral wave due to the channel noise and topology of the network.The effect of small-world connection networks is described by local regular networks and long-range connection with certain probability p.The numerical results confirm that (1) a stable rotating spiral wave can be developed and maintain robust with low p,where the breakup of the spiral wave and turbulence result from increasing the probability p to a certain threshold;(2) appropriate intensity of the optimized channel noise can develop a spiral wave among turbulent states in small-world connection networks of H-H neurons;and (3) regular connection networks are more robust to channel noise than small-world connection networks.A spiral wave in a small-world network encounters instability more easily as the membrane temperature is increased to a certain high threshold.     

STRONGLY COLORED NOISE IN THE DYE LASER FAR ABOVE THRESHOLD

The intensity fluctuations of a single mode dye laser is investigated when the laser is operated far above threshold. The analytic result of the laser intensity correlation function is obtained when both the additive white and strongly multiplicative colored noise are included in the laser model. The analyses show clearly the dependence of the intensity fluctuations on the strength and time scale of the pump noise.     

Pedigree transmission disequilibrium test for QTL mapping of threshold trait

With biological and economic importance,threshold traits are discrete in phenotype but have the same polygenic genetic basis as quantitative traits. The traditional linkage analysis for quantitative traits is invalid for threshold traits due to their special characters. The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) has received great attention recently in localizing human disease genes due to its simplicity and powerfulness. But TDT only deals with data from independent nuclear families and it will lose information about extended pedigree that incorporates information not only from parents and siblings but also from other relatives. The pedigree disequilibrium test (PDT) proposed by Martin in 2001 can be used to analyze the extended pedigree in human.In this study, PDT was introduced into the QTL mapping of threshold traits for farm animals, and was modified in order to accommodate the pedigree structures of farm animals.The modified PDT was renamed pedigree transmission disequilibrium test (PTDT) and its power and type I error were investigated and compared with that of PDT by Monte Carlo simulation. It was shown that PTDT is a robust and valid approach to mapping QTL of threshold trait. When the parental information is complete, PTDT and PDT are almost the same in terms of power and type I error. However, if the parental information is missing to a certain extent, PTDT is higher in power and lower in type I error than PDT. These results imply that PTDT can be a novel approach to QTL fine mapping of threshold traits based on the existing coarse mapping information.     

Y-shaped beam splitter by graded structure design in a photonic crystal

We propose a method to bend a self-collimated beam in a photonic crystal. The beam bending relies on the gradual variation of the constitutive parameters of the photonic crystal. A new Y-shaped beam splitter is designed with a composite structure constructed using two graded photonic crystals. We demonstrate that the incident beam is divided into two output beams by the designed splitter. The power ratio of the two beams can be adjusted easily by changing the location of the input beam.     

Electrification of mineral particles by electron beam irradiation

A novel way for electrification of mineral particles by electron beam irradiation was proposed.The effect of irradiation dose on charge/mass ratio was investigated experimentally.The charge/mass ratio of electrified mineral powders after irradiation was measured by an instrument based on the principle of electrostatic induction.The experimental results showed that the charge/mass ratio is largely dependent on radiation dose and electric physical properties of minerals.The mechanism of electrification by electron beam irradiation is discussed.It is suggested that the essential of electrification by electron beam irradiation is a process of retardation and charge deposition of incideent elecytrons in materials.     

Origin of the pre-peak in the structure factor of liquid Fe-4.30C-0.21Ce alloy

The liquid structure of Fe-4.30C and Fe-4.30C-0.21Ce alloys was studied by high temperature X-ray diffractometer. The results show that for Fe-C alloy the nearest neighbor distance of the eutectic alloy is 0.259-0.260 nm at the temperature range of 1200-1400℃, which increases to 0.269-0.271 nm with the addition of 0.21% (mass fraction) Ce in the Fe-C alloy at the same temperature range. There is a pre-peak at Q = 15.5 nm-1 on the original intensity curve and structure factor S(Q) of the liquid Fe-4.30C-0.21Ce alloy, which was caused by the Ce atoms in the C-Ce clusters. Combined with the shared face, the tetragonal structure can meet the requirement for the distance of Ce-Ce atoms. It also shows that the cluster size in the liquid Fe-4.30C-0.21Ce alloy in-creases with the decreasing temperature.     

Influence of withdrawal rate on the porosity in a third-generation Ni-based single crystal superalloy

The influence of withdrawal rate on the porosity in a third-generation Ni-based single crystal superalloy was investigated by a quantitative evaluation method. The results showed that the withdrawal rate obviously effected on the average area fraction, number and diameter of porosities except their radius ratios. In consideration of the microstructure observation for dendrite arms, an optimized withdrawal rate was obtained with a minimum porosity level as about 125 μm s~(-1). Simultaneously, a threshold value for the acceptance level of porosities might be set as about 0.1% in order to fulfill the requirements for Ni-based single crystal casting in laboratory scale. Finally, the formation reason of porosity was discussed and it was concluded that the feeding for the volume shrinkage of the last solidified eutectic liquids from the residual liquids and the isolating effect of the morphologies of dendrite arms might be two key factors in controlling the porosities level in Ni-based single crystal superalloy.     

A new method for detecting line spectrum of ship-radiated noise using Duffing oscillator

A detection scheme for line spectrum of ship-radiated noise is proposed using Duffing oscillator. The chaotic trajectory of Duffing oscillator is analyzed and the state equation of the system is improved to detect weak periodic signals in different frequencies. According to the simulation results, the phase transforms of Duffing oscillator are sensitive to periodic signals and immune to the random noise and the periodic interference signals which have larger angular frequency difference from the referential signal. By employing Lyapunov exponents in the field of detection as the criteria for chaos, the phase transforms of dynamic behaviors in quantity are successfully determined. Meanwhile, the threshold value in critical state has been evaluated more accurately. Based on the phase transforms of Duffing oscillator, a new method for detecting line spectrum of ship-radiated noise is given. Three types of ship-radiated noise signals are analyzed and the values of line spectrum are acquired successfully by this method. The experimental results show that this method has high sensitivity and high resolution.     

The Modulation of Ionospheric Alfven Resonator on Heating HF Waves and the Doppler Effect

The propagation of HF waves in IAR can produce many nonlinear effects, including the modulation effect of IAR on HF waves and the Doppler effect. To start with the dependence of the ionospheric electron temperature varia-tions on the Alfven resonant field, We discuss the mechanism of the modulation effect and lucubrate possible reasons for the Doppler effect. The results show that the Alfven resonant field can have an observable modulation effect on HF waves while its mechanism is quite different from that of Schumann resonant field on HF waves. The depth of modulation of IAR on HF waves has a quasi-quadratic relation with the Alfven field, which directly inspires the formation of cross-spectrum between ULF waves and HF waves and results in spectral peaks at some gyro-frequencies of IAR. With respect to the Doppler effect during the propagation of HF waves in IAR, it is mainly caused by the motion of the high-speed flyer and the drifting electrons and the frequency shift from the phase vari-ation of the reflected waves can be neglected when the frequency of HF incident wave is high enough.     

Ce:KNSBN晶体中扇形光的时间演化

利用实时数据采集处理系统,实验研究了光扇的时间演化,测量了Ce:KNSBN晶体的光扇写入光强阈值,讨论了光扇效应对两波耦合动态过程的影响.     

LiNboO_3:Fe晶体中入射光光强分布对“扇形”光的影响

研究了LiNbO3：Fe晶体中入射光光强分布对“扇形”光的影响．结果证明,其影响很小．由此,可得出结论,LiNbO3：re晶体中的“扇形”光的种子光来源于晶体中的缺陷散射．     

Diffraction property of photorefractive volume grating in Ce:KNSBN for ordinarily polarized reading beam

The diffraction efficiency of volume grating written by two wave mixing in Ce:KNSBN photorefractive crystal versus the writing beam ratio for ordinarily polarized reading beam is experimentally studied. The result is different from that for the extraordinarily polarized reading beam. Then the modified coupled-wave theory is used to fit the experimental data. The theoretical results are coincident with the experimental data quite well. This research gives a significant support to the applications of Ce:KNSBN crystal in holographic recording and optical information processing.     

Ce:KNSBN晶体正交偏振写入光两波耦合特性

研究了Ce:KNSBN晶体在正交偏振光记录条件下体光栅的两波耦合特性.实验测量了两波耦合增益系数随泵浦光偏振方向与入射面夹角φ的变化规律,当夹角φ等于20°或160°时,光栅具有最大耦合增益系数.给出了增益系数随夹角φ变化规律的数值计算结果.数值计算结果与实验测量结果较好地吻合.     

Cr:KNSBN光折变晶体的非线性特性

实验利用非同时读出的方法,采用两波耦合实验装置,研究了e偏振光写入情况下,Cr:KNSBN光折变晶体两波耦合写入体光栅的衍射效率与响应时间随写入光各参数的变化关系,并对实验结果进行了理论模拟.结果表明,当写入光夹角在10°~25°范围内时,衍射效率达20%以上;在写入光总光强为0.04 W/cm2,写入光光强比为0.33,两束光夹角为12°时,响应时间为5.3 s.     

Ce:KNSBN光折变晶体两波耦合特性研究

采用Ar+ 514.5nm的o光和e光测量了Ce:KNSBN晶体两波耦合增益系数随写入光夹角的变化关系曲线 ,得到了Ce:KNSBN晶体的有效电荷密度、有效电光系数和电子 -空穴对抗率等参数.依据光折变理论对增益系数随写入光夹角变化关系实验数据进行了拟合 ,拟合曲线与实验结果符合较好     

Characteristics of stemflow for sand-fixed shrubs in Mu Us sandy land, Northwest China

Little work has been done on stemflow for desert shrubs in China. This study measured stemflow in two shrubs of Salix psammophila C. Wang et Chang Y. Yang and Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch in Mu Us sandy land and established a relationship between stemflow and canopy characteristics, rainfall amount and intensity. During the experimental period, the amount of stemflow for S. psammophila and A. sphaerocephala accounted for 7.6% and 2.7% of the gross rainfall respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant positive linear correlation between rainfall and stemflow for the two shrubs; while the relationship between stemflow percentage and rainfall suggested that there existed a rainfall depth threshold of 3-5 mm for S. psammophila and 5-7 mm for A. sphaerocephala. Stemflow percentage positively increased with rainfall depth increasing before the rainfall depth threshold values had been reached but showed stability after the threshold. A stepwise regression analysis suggested that the shrubs with more branches, larger crown volume and smaller branch angle inclination tended to collect more volumes of stemflow. Moreover, stemflow amount and percentage increased with the maximum rain intensity increasing in 10 minutes （l10） and the stemflow percentage tended to increase quickly with l10 when it was less than 3.0 mm h^-1 for S. psammophila and 2.0 mm h^-1 for A. sphaerocephala, and then showed stable trend with increasing of 110.     

Study on the polarization effect by Ce doping in MnSb alloy

Using discrete variationalX _α method within the local-density-functional theory and cluster models, the electronic structure and magnetic property of MnSb(Ce) are investigated. It is found that Sb-5p state is much polarized by Ce doping. The spin moment of Sb changes from −0.06μ _s in MnSb to −0.32μ _s in Mnsb(Ce). The interaction between Mn and doped Ce is small compared with that between Sb and Ce in MnSb(Ce). The influence to the magneto-optical property of MnSb by the doped Ce is discussed. It is expected that the Sb-5p polarization caused by Ce will make MnSb(Ce) a promising magneto-optical material. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Zhang Long: born in Nov. 1972, Master     

外部参量对自抽运相位共轭特性的影响

对入射位置和入射光斑尺寸对KNSBN晶体自抽运相位共轭特性的影响,进行了实验研究,得到了自抽运相位反射率依赖入射光斑和入射位置的关系。