旋翼式水表的流量方程式和特性曲线方程式

本文根据流体力学原理对旋翼式水表的驱动力矩和各种力矩进行了详细分析,建立了流量基本方程式。在此基础上,作者进一步导出了旋翼式水表的特性曲线方程式。理论特性曲线与实验结果基本一致。特性曲线方程能清晰地反映出水表各结构参数之间的关系及其对水表性能的影响,并能对实际特性曲线的形状作出较为园满的解释。本文提出的数学模型可作为旋翼式水表结构参数设计的依据,并为进一步改善水表性能提供了理论基础     

多流束旋翼式水表流量测量特性数值仿真

为深入研究多流束旋翼式水表的流量测量特性,通过分析流体对叶轮的驱动力矩和各种阻力矩,得出多流束旋翼式水表的流量测量方程式.根据湍流理论模型和计算流体力学,提出叶轮力矩平衡方法准确预测叶轮转速,进而分析了多流束旋翼式水表的内部流场.测定量程内流量测量误差特性的仿真结果和实测结果的对比,表明仿真结果的相对误差最大值为4.17%,且仿真与实测的流量误差特性曲线变化趋势具有一致性.因此,提出的数值仿真方法能够准确反映多流束旋翼式水表的流量测量特性.     

水表远传流量计的研制

水表远传流量计是在旋翼湿式水表的基础上,增加了光电检测元件,使水表在对流过水表中的流量进行计量的同时,输出相应的脉冲信号。而后,由单片机组成的数据采集与处理系统对脉冲信号进行处理,转换成瞬时流量和累积量,由数码管进行显示。同时将脉冲信号转换成0～10mA.DC信号进行远传。该流量计具有成本低、结构简单、使用寿命长、对环境要求不高、能满足实际生产需要等特点。本文对该流量计的结构、工作原理进行了较全面的分析,并给出了应用情况。     

超声波热量表的系统原理与系统结构

超声波热量表是通过超声波的方法测量流量及显示水流经热交换系统所释放或吸收热能量的仪表。通过对两个物理量——流经表的水流量和进出口的温度差异进行的计算,表明超声波热量表与过去通用的水表、电表相比具有更高的技术性能和更精确的测量结果。如今超声波热量表在许多工厂和住房供暖系统中得到了成功的应用。介绍了超声波热量表的系统原理和系统结构。     

在线水表计量精度研究

一、课题研究的目的意义: 1、水表是城市供水行业使用最广、数量最多的计量器具,是进行贸易结算、被国家列为强制检定的计量器具.其计量精度准确如何,不但关系国家和供水企业的经济效益与经营成果,更涉及到千家万户的切身利益,因而提高水表计量精度,对于供水行业而言,其经济效益与社会效益是显而易见的.     

论如何提高水表的计量精度

提高水表精度是与当前提倡节水有机结合在一起的,这与每一个用水单位息息相关。本文主要基于当前水表精度中存在的一些问题,分析影响水表计量精度的因素,从生产、检测、安装及使用四个方面来探讨如何提高水表的计量精度,进一步强调了提高水表精度的重要性。     

高精度超声波热量表的设计

采用反射式结构,利用时差法原理,基于STM32F103单片机和计时芯片TDC-GP22设计出了一种高精度的新型超声波热量表,并对其进行了测试.结果表明:该热量表精度高,能满足行业标准二级要求,拥有广阔的应用前景.     

户用低功耗超声式热量表的研究

利用超声测量非接触的特点,将温度测量与超声流量测量相结合设计出户用超声式热量表,克服了目前普遍使用的叶轮式热量表在供水水质不好时,精度下降并极易损坏的缺点。文中具体描述了超声热量表的结构、温度和流量测量电路,并通过MSP430单片机的选用,讨论了热量表的低功耗设计方法。     

供水企业水表问题分析及抽样检测

根据供水企业表计现状,提出水表的分析和抽样方法。在总体样本中首先根据条件判断,区分满足标准要求和不满足标准要求表计,在满足标准要求表计中进行按口径的加权抽样评估水表精度,对不满足标准要求的表计提出具体处理方法。以CP市为例,分析DN15~DN150共13632块水表中不满足精度水表情况,并提出解决方案。经过分析,长期处于最小流量以下的水表较多,占比54.1%,其中口径为DN20的水表最多;安装了水表但未用水的用户数占6.4%;数流量示值在水表计量流量精度范围内的水表数仅为39.4%。对正常水表进行按口径加权抽样,抽样数206,抽样结果通过excel输出。     

既有建筑的绿色改造给排水设计探讨

对已建办公建筑按照三星级标准进行绿色建筑给排水改造。本工程室外设计了下凹式绿地、种植屋面、透水铺装以对雨水进行调蓄及渗透,采用智能灌溉,以达到节能减排的目的。建筑内改造原有供水系统、管材附件、洁具等,根据用途不同设置计量水表,以最大限度的减少水资源浪费。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.