关于矩阵条件数的一些结论

本文讨论了一些矩阵范数达到极小的充要条件,其主要结果如下: 1.设A为m×n实矩阵,且具有n个线性无关的列,则求A广义逆谱条件数等于1的充要条件为A~TA=cI,其中c为正常数。 2.设A为n阶非异实矩阵,则矩阵A的求逆p-范数条件数等于1的充要条件为A=cpσ,其中c为正常数,σ是置换阵,其对角元都等于 1或-1。 3.设A为n阶非异实矩阵,则矩阵A的求逆F-范数条件数等于1的充要条件为A=cU,其中c为正常数,U为正交阵。     

实方阵的次正定性

设A为n阶实矩阵(不一定对称),若对任意非零向量X=(x1,x2…xn)T∈Rn,均有XSTAX＞0,其中XST表示X的次转置[1],则称A是次正定方阵.给出了实方阵次正定性的几个充要条件.n阶实方阵是次正定的充分必要条件是(1)n阶实方阵JA正定;(2)A的次对称分量S是次正定的;(3)存在n阶可逆方阵P使PSTAP为次对角行矩阵;(4)存在n阶可逆矩阵P,使PSTSP=J.     

求Hankel矩阵的逆矩阵的快速算法

利用Hankel矩阵的位移性质,得到了矩阵为Hankel矩阵的充要条件.从该充要条件出发,得到了求Hankel矩阵之逆矩阵的快速算法,计算复杂度为O(n2),而一般n阶矩阵求逆的复杂度为O(n3).     

一类矩阵的逆奇异值问题

讨论了一类矩阵的逆奇异值问题.给定非负实数1σ,2σ,…,nσ,两非零实向量x=(x1,x2,…,xm)T,y=(y1,y2,…,yn)T,求m×n阶实矩阵A,使得1σ,2σ,…,σn为A的奇异值,并且x,y分别为A的左右奇异向量.基于Householder变换和矩阵秩1的修正方法得到了问题的算法,而且算法比较经济且易于并行,同时给出了相应的数值例子.     

两类条件数达极小的进一步研究

矩阵求逆条件数 x(A)=‖A‖‖A~(-1)‖在矩阵求逆和求解线性方程组的误差分析中起着重要作用,不少计算数学工作者对矩阵条件数进行了研究,讨论了在不同范数意义下 x(A)达极小的条件。本文讨论了特征值条件数达极小的充要条件,在正则逆存在情况下,将 x-条件数达极小的充要条件推广到最一般情形。本文推广了[5]中的全部结果,推广了[6][7]中的相应结果,且所得结论比[6][7]更简洁,明了。定义1 设 A 为 n 阶方阵,J_A 为 A 的若当标准形,V={B;B~(-1)AB=J_A},矩阵范数‖·‖在矩阵的行交换或列交换下保持不变,则称     

矩阵的谱条件数等于1的充要条件

本文分别给出了矩阵的两种谱条件数等于1的充学条件:1.非异矩阵A的求逆条件数x(A)=‖A‖2‖A~(-1)‖2,x(A)=1的充要条件是,A为某个酉阵的非零常数倍。 2.任给方阵A,■称为A的特征值谱条件数,这里V是将A相似变换成约当标准形的非异矩阵集合。f(A)=1的充要条件是,存在酉矩阵R,使等式R~BAR=J_A。其中J_A为A的约当标准形。     

加边矩阵与广义逆矩阵

设A为一任意m×n矩阵,对A按定理1的条件来加边得可逆矩阵且若则C_1为A的广义逆矩阵A~(1,2,3). 设A为一复数域上的矩阵。所谓A的广义逆矩阵A~(1 2 3 4)(一般用A~ 表示)是指同时满足下列四个条件的矩阵X: (1)AXA=A, (2)XAX=X, (3)(AX)~*=AX, (4)(XA)~*=XA, 其中符号M~*表示矩阵M的共轭转置。假若X仅满足上述四个条件的一部分,如满足条件(1),则称X为A的广义逆矩阵A~(?);若满足条件(1)、(2)、(3),则称它为广义逆矩阵A~(1,2,3);依次类推。此类求广义逆矩阵的问题,在某些应用中曾被提出,例如在数理统计中的Gauss-Markoff模型,作参数的最小二乘法估计时就有所涉及。林春土就A为方阵时,给出了加边矩阵(其中A为p×p阶矩阵,K和H分别为p×r阶矩阵和r×p阶矩阵)可逆的充要条件,从而在实数域上给出了一个求广义逆矩阵A~(1,2)的方法。本文推广上述结果,对于在复数域上的一般矩阵A(m×n阶矩阵),给出了加边矩阵(i)(其中K和H分别为m×k_2阶和k_1×n阶矩阵)可逆的一个充分条件,并且从而在复数域上给出了一个求广义逆矩阵A~(1 2 3)的方法。     

两个谱任意模式

设λ1,λ2,...,λn(可以相同)为实矩阵A的所有特征值,记为σ(A)=(λ1,λ2,...,λn).n阶符号模式矩阵S=(sij)是指元素取自{ ,-,0}的矩阵,S的定性矩阵类是指集合Q(S)={A=(aij)∈M\{n\}(R):对所有的i和j,sign(aij)=sij},记σ(S)={σ(A):A∈Q(S)}.设S为n阶符号模式矩阵,λ1,λ2,…,λn为n个任意复数,若λ1,λ2,…,λn中的虚数都与其共轭复数成对出现时,便存在A∈Q(S),使得σ(A)=(λ1,λ2,…,λn),则称S为谱任意模式.在本文中,我们得到两个谱任意模式.     

复数域上非奇异矩阵A+iB的逆矩阵

我们知道一个复数域上的n阶矩阵总可以把它写成A+iB(此处A,B为n阶实矩阵),今若A+iB可逆,且其逆矩阵表为C+iD(此处C,D为n阶实矩阵),那么A,B和C,D是否有关系?其关系如何?本文就此问题作些探讨。由文[1]定理1直接可得推论1 若n阶复矩阵A+iB(此处A,B为n阶实矩阵)可逆,则引理1 若P为m×m(n≤m)矩阵,其秩为n,Q为m×n矩阵,其秩也为n,则n×n方阵PQ的秩为n 与文[3]的引理1证法相同,这里不再重复。引理2 对推论1中的A,B和任意一个2n×2n方阵u=(M_(2n×n)N_(2n×n))(此处M_(2n×n)的秩     

实方阵的次正定性

设A为n阶实矩阵（不一定对称）,若对任意非零向量X＝（x1,x3…xn)^T∈R^n,均有X^STAX＞0,其中X^ST表示X的次转置,则称A是次正定方阵。给出了实方阵次正定性的几个充要条件。n阶实方阵是次正定的充分必要条件是（1）n阶实方阵JA正定;（2）A的次对称分量S是次正定的;（3）存在n阶可逆方阵P使P^STAP为次对角行矩阵;（4）存在n阶可逆矩阵P,使P^STSP＝J。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.