透射式油水两相流超声检测系统设计与测试

为实现油水两相流过程信息的提取和参数的检测,设计一种基于超声透射模式的测试系统。该系统可实现超声信号发生、发射、多通道测试数据采集、测试数据处理、存储及流动信息实时显示等功能。对不同含油率的油水两相进行流测试。研究结果表明,该系统能够有效获取油水两相流相含率的变化信号。超声透射测试信号衰减率与相含率、混相速度相关:在不同水流量条件下,超声透射信号随含油率增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势;在水包油和油包水过渡流型中,超声透射测试信号衰减率与混相速度成线性关系。     

裂缝性储层油水流动规律实验研究

 大部分裂缝性储层具有裂缝-孔隙结构,属于双重介质,目前油水在这类岩石中尤其是裂缝中的流动规律并不十分清楚,这给裂缝性储层油藏的数值模拟、开发方案设计造成较大的困难。为研究裂缝中油水的流动规律,设计了可视的、具有自动数据采集功能的裂缝驱替实验装置,测定了不同裂缝开度下不同液体不同流体黏度以及不同流动速度等条件下裂缝中单相流体的流动状态。结果表明,裂缝中单相液体的流动在一定条件下从线性变成非线性,一般情况下,雷诺数较小时为线性渗流,雷诺数较大时为非线性渗流。但是,雷诺数不是唯一的判别标准。研究还发现,存在两种不同的非线性渗流,在缝宽较小时流量与压力梯度的关系曲线成凹形,较大时则成凸形。     

柴达木盆地英西地区E_3~2储层孔隙特征及宏观微观渗流特征

为探究不同孔隙结构类型对碳酸盐岩储层油水两相渗流特征的影响,以柴达木盆地英西地区E_3~2储层为例,通过对储层孔隙结构组合方式的分类,结合核磁共振T_2谱,开展了单相和油水两相启动压力梯度实验以及宏观微观油水两相渗流实验。结果表明:研究区储层可以分为裂缝型、溶孔型和基质孔隙型,裂缝和溶孔发育程度越高,大尺寸孔喉数量越多,样品物性越好。3类岩心油水两相渗流差异明显,裂缝和溶孔是主要的渗流空间,大尺寸孔喉连通性好,驱油效率高;基质孔隙型岩心的渗流能力与裂缝型和溶孔型岩心的渗流能力相差10～10~3倍,且大尺寸孔喉连通性差,驱油效率低。溶孔型和裂缝型的单相和油水两相启动压力梯度较低,变化幅度不大;而基质孔隙型的单相启动压力梯度最高,且油水两相启动压力上升明显,验证了基质孔隙型水驱油效果差、渗流能力弱的特点。     

致密砂岩储层微观孔喉表征及渗流模拟

为全面表征致密油储层的微观孔隙结构,对松辽盆地下白垩统青山口组致密砂岩储集层样品进行微米、亚微米尺度CT三维成像研究.在微米尺度下,样品1的孔喉结构表现一定的非均质性;样品2的孔吼结构整体均质性较强.在亚微米尺度下,样品1的孔喉直径主要为2.0~3.9μm,其中存在一些较小的短管状、孤立球状微米级孔隙;样品2的孔喉直径主要为2.2~4.2μm,颗粒周围存在一些具有一定连通性的短管状微孔,兼具喉道与孔隙的双重功能.利用格子Boltzmann方法进行单相微观渗流模拟分析,在0.7μm分辨率下,样品1、2的提取孔隙度分别为6.25%、9.3%,模拟渗透率分别为0.042、0.13 m D;在1.46μm分辨率下,样品2的提取孔隙度为9.14%,模拟渗透率为0.071 m D.两块样品的渗透率都具有一定的各向异性.基于上述结果,总结出该地区超低渗的五个决定性因素.     

微通道内水的单相流动与传热特性的实验

设计的微尺度流动与换热实验测试系统,主要研究水于小雷诺数下在微通道中受热单相流动的水力特性和传热特性。通过对相关的实验数据进行分析计算,表明水在微通道内流动时的压降值与阻力系数值均大于传统理论预测值,而传热特性的实验结果则与传统理论较为吻合。     

低渗透储层原油吸附对渗流的影响

通过静态吸附实验和岩心流动实验研究了大庆低渗透储层原油在岩石表面吸附的机理及其对油水渗流的影响。实验表明,原油中沥青质和非烃组分可以被岩石表面吸附,形成吸附层。吸附层的存在减小了岩心的孔隙半径,增大了油水流动阻力。粘度相同的含有沥青质的模拟原油与精制油在相同实验条件下,流动曲线差别较大。在原油/岩石体系中,原油在岩石孔隙表面的吸附层厚度将达到孔隙半径的30%以上,在原油/地层水/岩石体系中,油膜厚度与孔隙半径的比值随着渗透率的降低而增大,特低渗透岩心中吸附层厚度可达到孔隙半径的10%,一定程度上降低了油相和水单相渗透率。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7致密油储层微观孔隙特征研究

利用场发射扫描电镜、微米CT、自动矿物识别系统(QEMSCAN)、微图像拼接(MAPS)等测试新技术结合常规分析方法对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7致密油储层孔隙特征进行综合研究。结果表明:致密油储层具有微米—纳米级多尺度孔隙连续分布的特征,大于2μm的微米级孔隙构成主要的储集空间;颗粒间充填胶结物质剩余的各尺度残余粒间孔及溶蚀形成的各尺度溶蚀孔隙是最重要的孔隙类型;致密油储层各尺度孔隙连通性较好,可以作为有效的储集空间及渗流通道;深湖细粒沉积及后期强压实、强胶结及强溶蚀为主的成岩作用是现今长7致密油储层微孔隙发育的主要控制因素;由于具备源储近邻或互层配置及异常高压驱动优势条件,致密油储层微孔隙中形成了富集石油的特征。     

影响特低-超低渗透砂岩油藏开发效果的因素分析

以特低-超低渗透砂岩油藏为研究对象,应用恒速压汞技术深入分析其微观孔隙结构,通过低渗透物理模拟试验研究该类储层的应力敏感性、单相流体渗流以及油水两相渗流特征,并从微观孔隙结构角度进行解释,在此基础上讨论该类油藏开发效果的影响因素。结果表明:微观孔隙结构是决定和影响特低-超低渗透油藏开发难度和开发效果的根本性因素;当渗透率小于2×10-3μm2时,孔喉微细,储层动用难是开发面临的最核心的矛盾,但储层一旦得到有效动用,因其良好的喉道分选,开发效果会比较好;而当渗透率大于5×10-3μm2时,流体流动通道较宽,建立起有效的驱动压力体系较为容易,开发此类储层面临的关键问题是微观非均质性降低了储层的开发效果。     

流体在矩形通道中作层流流动时的规律

平行壁面是环形通道当内圆半径趋于无限大时的极限情况 ,流体在矩形通道中流动时所受的内摩擦力或压降是流体在两个平行壁面间流动时产生的内摩擦力或压降的叠加 ,从以上结果出发推导出矩形通道截面上速度分布公式和摩擦系数式中Μ的数值     

致密油储层渗流新模型研究

研究致密油储层的渗流规律对致密油的有效开发具有基础指导意义。针对致密油储层,从固液相互作用机理出发对微纳孔隙中的流体进行黏性修正;在此基础上运用微元体法分析了微纳毛细管中考虑壁面固液相互作用的流体流动规律,并进一步提出了考虑固液相互作用的微纳孔隙储层渗流模型。研究结果表明:考虑微纳孔隙中固液相互作用时,微纳毛细管中的速度分布明显低于泊肃叶流,且管径越小,固液相互作用越大;与泊肃叶流的速度差越大。对于微纳孔隙储层,岩石的渗透能力较泊肃叶流流推导的渗流方程而言要小得多。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~