TRANSFER-MATRIX METHOD FOR SURFACE SPIN WAVES IN A SEMI-INFINITE MAGNETIC SUPERLATTICE WITH A SINGLE-ION ANISOTROPY

Surface spin waves in a semi-infinite magnetic super lattice with a single-ion uniaxial anisotropy are investigated through the transfer matrix method. The dispersion equations of surface spin waves are obtained. We find that not all the magnetic superlattice structures can excite the surface spin waves, and that the anisottropy term need not be favorable to the excitation of surface spin waves, but surely influences the values of the energy of the excited surface spin waves.     

PL Emission and Shape of Silicon Quantum Dots

The calculation results show that the bonding energy and electronic states of silicon quantum dots are different on various curved surfaces, for example, a Si-O-Si bridge bond on curved surface provides the localized levels in band gap and its bonding energy is shallower than that on facet. The red-shifting of PL spectra on smaller silicon quantum dots can be explained by curved surface effect. Experiments demonstrate that silicon quantum dots are activated for emission due to the localized levels provided in curved surface effect.     

SURFACE SPIN WAVES FOR A SEMI-INFINITE FERRIMAGNET WITH A SINGLE ION UNIAXIAL ANISOTROPY IN THE PRESENCE OF MAGNETIC IMPURITY LAYER

A C3Cl-type(bcc)-semi-infinite ferrimagnet with a single-ion uniaxial anisotropy and a magnetic impurity layer is considered through combining Green‘s function theory with the transfer-mairx method.The effect of the anisotropy term and the impurity layer on surface spin wave specirum is discussed.The influence of the impurity layer‘s distance from the surface or surface spin woves is also concerned.     

INTERFACE SPIN-WAVE OF COUPLED SEMI-INFINITE MAGNETIC SUPERLATTICE

The interface spin-wave (ISW) modes or coupled semi-in-finitemagnetic superlattices separated by a nonmagnetic layer have been studied, by use of the magnetostatic method. A general expression of the ISW dispersion relation is obtained. Detailed calculations are performed in the special case where the ttwo semi-infinite superlattices is considered to be identical and the external magnetic field, is parallel or perpendicular to the surface of the. layers. Some results about ISW modes are discussed.     

New Conception of Nano-laser on Silicon Nanostructures

A new conception of nano-laser is proposed in which depending on the size of nano-clusters (silicon quantum dots (QD)), the pumping level of laser can be tuned by the quantum confinement (QC) effect, and the population inversion can be formed between the valence band and the localized states produced from the surface bonds. The nano-laser belongs to the emission of type Ⅱ. The peaks of stimulated emission are observed at 605 nm and 693 nm. Through the micro-cavity of nano-laser, a full width at half maximum of the peak at 693 nm can reach to 0.5 nm. The theoretical model and the experimental results indicate that it is a necessary condition for setting up nano-laser that the smaller size of nano-clusters (d<3 nm) can make the localized states into band gap below the conduction band opened and the states of conduction band become the pumping level of nano-laser. The emission energy of nano-laser will be limited in the range of 1.7～2.3 eV generally due to the position of the localized states in gap, which is good in agreement between the experiments and the theory.     

QCD,Axial—Vector Current and Quark Spin Content of the Proton

The relationship between the helicities carried by quark and gluon ofthe proton and the triangle anomaly is discussed in terms of theperturbative QCD. A new flavorindependent axial-vector current is derivedin terms of the background field theory. Using this current the quark spincontents are computed and are consistent with data. The order of magnitudeof the quark spin content is determined to be O(1)in large N(?) expansion     

Field corrosion characterization of soil corrosion of X70 pipeline steel in a red clay soil

The corrosion behavior of X70 pipeline steel buried in red soil environment has been studied. The surface morphology and elemental distribution were determined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The corrosion kinetics was evaluated by weight loss measurement. The results show that in red soil, the corrosion rate of X70 steel decreases with time, and follows the exponential decay law. General corrosion with non-uniform and localized pitting occurred on the steel surface. α-Fe OOH was the dominate products during corrosion in whole buried periods, and the corrosion products exhibited well protective properties. The potentiodynamic polarization tests revealed that icorrdecreased with time, indicating the improvement of corrosion resistance. The results of Electrochemical impendence spectroscopy(EIS) are consistent with potentiodynamic polarization tests.     

Interface and Surface Properties of Nano—hydroxyapatite／Poly（1,4—Phenylene—Sulfide）—Poly（2,4—Phenylene Sulfide Acid）Copolymer Composite

The interface and surface properties of nano-hydroxyapatite(n-HA)and poly(1,4-phenylene suIfide)-poly(2,4-phenylene sulfide acid)(PPS-PPSA) copolymer composite were investigated.The results show that there are some strong interface combinations of calcium ion(Ca^2 ),carboxyl(-COO^-)and phosphate radicle ion(PO4^3-)between copolymer and n-HA in the composite.The presence of the 2,4-phenylene sulfide acid in copolymer can increase the affinity to nHA,which causes the formation of chemical bindings between the PPS-PPSA copolymer and nHA.XRD analysis and IR surface analysis indicate that n-HA is not encapsulated by copolymer but exposed on the surface of the composite,and has same structure and properties with the original n-HA.The presence of the interface chemical bindings between the PPS-PPSA copolymer and n-HA can increase the content of n-HA in composite but does not cause the decrease of the composite mechanical strength.     

Parallel imaging methods for phased array MRI

Two parallel methods for magnetic resonance tmaging (MRI) using radio frequency (RF) phased array surface coiks, named spatial loca! Fourier encoding (SLFE) and spatial RF encoding (SRFE), are presented. The MR signals are acquired from separate channels across the coils, each of which covers a sub-FOV (field-of-view) in a parallel fashion, and the acquired data are combined to form an image of entire FOV. These two parallel encoding techniques can accelerate MR imaging greatly, yet associated artifact rnay appear, al-though the SLFE is an effective image reconstruction method which can reduce the localized artifact in some degrees. By the SRFE, RF coil array can be utilized for spatial encoding through a specialized coil design. The images are acquired in a snapshot with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) without the costly gradient system, resulting in great saving of cost. Both mutual induction and aliasing effect of adja-cent coils are critical to the success of SRFE. The strategies of inverse sourc     

Effect of the microstructure of Al 7050-T7451 on anodic oxide formation in sulfuric acid

The effect of the microstructure of an Al 7050-T7451 substrate on the anodic oxide formation in sulfuric acid was studied in this article. The microstructure of the substrate was assessed by optical microscope (OM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The surface and cross-section morphologies of the oxide films were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The chemical composition of intermetallic particles in the alloys and films was investigated using energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS). The roles of intermetallic phases and grain or subgrain boundaries on the oxide film formation were researched using the potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarization technique in sulfuric acid solution. The results show that the transition of coarse intermetallic particles or grain (subgrain) boundaries at the surface of Al alloys can be characterized by potentiodynamic polarization curves. The surface and cross-section micrographs of the anodic layer seem to preserve the microstructure of the substrate. Large cavities in the anodic films are caused by the preferential dissolution of coarse AItCuMg particles and the entrance of Cu-rich remnants into the electrolyte during anodizing. The Al₇Cu₂Fe particles tend to be occluded in the oxide layer or lose from the oxide surface because of peripheral trenching. Small pores in the films are induced by the dissolution of precipitates in grain or subgrain boundaries. The film surface of recrystallized grain bodies is smooth and homogeneous.     

旋转磁场中的自旋演化及几何位相

讨论了自旋为1／2的粒子在旋转磁场中的演化．利用旋转坐标系方法精确求出了其演化波函数,并用这个精确解计算了共振和非共振情形下的自旋翻转率、自旋极化矢量以及非绝热几何位相．     

Real-space imaging of an orbital Kondo resonance on the Cr(001) surface

The Kondo effect is usually connected with the interaction between a localized spin moment and itinerant electrons. This interaction leads to the formation of a narrow resonance at the Fermi level, which is called the Abrikosov-Suhl or Kondo resonance. Scanning tunnelling microscopy is an ideal technique for real-space investigations of complicated electronic structures and many-body phenomena, such as the formation of the Kondo resonance or d-wave pairing in high-T(c) superconductors. Theory has predicted that similar, Kondo-like many-electron resonances are possible for scattering centres with orbital instead of spin degrees of freedom--the quadruple momenta in uranium-based compounds or two-level systems in metallic glasses are examples of such 'pseudo-Kondo' scattering centres. Here we present evidence for the orbital Kondo resonance on a transition-metal surface. Investigations of an atomically clean Cr(001) surface at low temperature using scanning tunnelling microscopy reveal a very narrow resonance at 26 meV above the Fermi level, and enable us to visualize the orbital character of the corresponding state. The experimental data, together with many-body calculations, demonstrate that the observed resonance is an orbital Kondo resonance formed by two degenerate d(xz), d(yz) surface states.     

核磁共振技术在生物和医学上的应用

本文介绍了在生物和医学领域内应用核磁共振技术的历史，应用的主要方面，以及三种常用的自旋核，并指出了与传统的技术和ＣＴ成像相比，磁共振技术具有更多的优点．     

线偏振磁场中的自旋演化及Berry位相

自旋在线偏振磁场中的演化是无法精确求解，本文用转动 波近似求得线偏振磁场中自旋演化的波函数，并求得演化一周化所产生的Ｂｅｒｒｙ位相。     

Electrical detection of the spin resonance of a single electron in a silicon field-effect transistor

The ability to manipulate and monitor a single-electron spin using electron spin resonance is a long-sought goal. Such control would be invaluable for nanoscopic spin electronics, quantum information processing using individual electron spin qubits and magnetic resonance imaging of single molecules. There have been several examples of magnetic resonance detection of a single-electron spin in solids. Spin resonance of a nitrogen-vacancy defect centre in diamond has been detected optically, and spin precession of a localized electron spin on a surface was detected using scanning tunnelling microscopy. Spins in semiconductors are particularly attractive for study because of their very long decoherence times. Here we demonstrate electrical sensing of the magnetic resonance spin-flips of a single electron paramagnetic spin centre, formed by a defect in the gate oxide of a standard silicon transistor. The spin orientation is converted to electric charge, which we measure as a change in the source/drain channel current. Our set-up may facilitate the direct study of the physics of spin decoherence, and has the practical advantage of being composed of test transistors in a conventional, commercial, silicon integrated circuit. It is well known from the rich literature of magnetic resonance studies that there sometimes exist structural paramagnetic defects near the Si/SiO2 interface. For a small transistor, there might be only one isolated trap state that is within a tunnelling distance of the channel, and that has a charging energy close to the Fermi level.     

磁性隧道结自旋极化电子隧穿的温度特性

基于自由电子模型，我们研究了铁磁金属／绝缘体（半导体）／铁磁金属隧道结自旋极化电子隧穿的温度特性。从我们的结论可以定性地解释有关的实验现象。     

磁场中的强耦合表面(或界面)极化子

采用动量和坐标的线性组合算符,同时考虑体内及表面纵光声子与电子的相互作用,计算了磁场中的强耦合表面(或界面)极化子的基态能量、有效质量。结果表明:表面(或界面)极化子基态能量在磁场较弱时,随磁场抛物线性增大。而当磁场较强时随磁场线性增大。对于中间磁场,对表面极化子的基态能量和有效质量作了数值计算。其结果对于解释表面极化子在磁场中的行为是有帮助的。     

自旋对表面磁极化子自陷能磁场特性的影响

讨论了电子自旋对表面磁极化子特性的影响.应用么正变换、线性组合算符和微扰法研究了电子自旋对电子与表面光学声子耦合强、与体纵光学声子耦合弱的表面磁极化子自陷能Etr磁场特性的影响.以TlB r晶体为例所作的数值计算结果表明:电子自旋使Etr分裂为二,且随磁场B的加强,分裂间距增大;若电子与光学声子耦合强,自旋量子数mS取-1/2时,Etr随B的加强而增大,mS取1/2时Etr随B的加强而减少;若电子与光学声子耦合弱,不论mS取何值,Etr都随B的加强而减少;不论电子与光学声子耦合强还是弱,电子自旋作用对Etr的影响都随B的加强而增大.