CaCl_2对NaCl胁迫下酸枣幼苗抗氧化酶活性和膜脂过氧化作用的影响

以酸枣水培幼苗为实验材料,研究了CaCl2对NaCl(200 mmol/L)胁迫下酸枣幼苗叶片和根的细胞质膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。结果表明:随着NaCl胁迫时间的延长,酸枣叶片和根系胞质膜透性增大,MDA的积累增加,叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性先升高后降低,根系SOD、CAT持续升高;营养液中加入CaCl2(10 mmol/L)后,与未施加外源CaCl2酸枣幼苗相比,叶片和根系细胞质膜透性、MDA含量降低,抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT不同程度提高。可见外源CaCl2可通过促进NaCl胁迫下酸枣幼苗植株体内抗氧化酶活性的提高,降低膜脂过氧化水平,减缓NaCl胁迫对植株的伤害,从而增强对NaCl胁迫的适应性。     

硅对盐胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化和保护系统的影响

采用砂基培养方法,研究硅对盐胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化和保护系统的影响。结果表明,硅使盐胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片保护酶（SOD、POD、CAT、AsA-POD)活性显著上升,抗坏血酸（AsA)含量明显增加,玉米叶片的丙二醛（MDA）含量和超氧阴离子自由基（O2.-)产生速率显著下降,叶片质膜透性降低。硅提高了盐胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片叶绿素含量和叶绿素a/b值,增强了光合速率,因此硅可减轻盐胁迫对玉米幼苗的伤害。     

PEG对Cd胁迫下水稻幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

通过对Cd胁迫下水稻幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)等抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量及株高的研究,以及外源干旱预处理对这些参数的影响,来探讨干旱预处理对Cd胁迫下水稻幼苗抗氧化酶活性等生理指标的影响。结果表明:Cd处理使水稻幼苗株高降低,但PEG预处理却能够使水稻幼苗株高显著增加(P0.05)。随着Cd处理时间的延长,水稻幼苗叶片MDA含量明显增加(P0.05),PEG预处理则可以减少MDA含量。同时Cd处理还降低了水稻幼苗叶片中SOD、POD、CAT和APX的活性;经过PEG预处理的水稻幼苗叶片的SOD、POD、CAT、APX活性均显著高于Cd处理组(P0.05)。PEG预处理可诱导水稻幼苗对随后的Cd胁迫产生交叉适应,以减轻Cd胁迫对水稻幼苗造成的伤害。     

两个玉米品种在萌芽期和苗期的干旱耐性比较分析

以登海605(DH)和伟科702(WK)2个抗旱性不同的玉米品种为材料,分别在萌芽期采用精确称重控水,在苗期采用20%PEG-600溶液模拟田间土壤干旱胁迫的方法,对2个玉米品种萌芽期的生长量特征参数,苗期叶片光合作用特征参数、叶绿素荧光及多项生理指标进行测定,比较研究干旱胁迫对这2个玉米品种种子萌发和幼苗生理性状的影响。研究结果表明,在干旱胁迫条件下,2个玉米品种在萌芽期的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、种子萌发抗旱指数、株高、胚根长、贮藏物质转运率、地上和地下部分干重(与对照相比)均下降,且DH各指标降低的幅度均低于WK下降的幅度;干旱胁迫使2个玉米品种苗期叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)均降低,且DH的Pn,Tr和Gs下降幅度均低于WK,但对2个品种玉米叶片的荧光参数几乎没影响;干旱处理使2个玉米品种叶片的过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、丙二醛(MDA)和质膜透性均升高,且DH叶片中H_2O_2,MDA含量和质膜透性升高幅度均小于WK,同时,干旱处理使2个玉米品种叶片的抗氧化酶CAT和POD活性、脯氨酸、还原型抗坏血酸(AsA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)及可溶性蛋白含量均升高,DH叶片中这些指标升高幅度均较大。综上分析得出,干旱胁迫主要抑制2个玉米品种叶片的光合作用和碳水代谢速率,进而抑制其生长,二者均通过提高保护酶SOD,POD, CAT和APX活性,增加渗透调节物质等策略来缓解干旱胁迫造成的伤害。DH多项参数比WK受干旱影响小,较耐旱,研究结果为农业生产选育抗旱玉米品种提供了一定的理论依据。     

盐胁迫下内源ROS与NO的产生及其对小麦幼苗生理特性的影响

以小麦新品种陇春27为试材,研究施用过氧化氢酶(CAT、H_2O_2清除剂)、DPI(质膜NADPH氧化酶抑制剂)或PTIO(NO清除剂)对100 mmol/L NaCl处理下小麦幼苗生长、抗氧化反应以及渗透性调节的影响.结果显示:NaCl处理抑制小麦幼苗根、茎的生长,诱导根中活性氧(ROS)和NO的积累.CAT、DPI、PTIO的加入更显著地抑制盐胁迫下小麦幼苗根茎的生长,且DPI的效应最明显.这3种药品能够缓解NaCl诱导的超氧阴离子(·O_2~-)和NO的积累,但DPI或PTIO使NaCl处理的根中H_2O_2含量进一步增加,而CAT或DPI使羟自由基(·OH)含量减少.盐胁迫导致幼苗根中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶活性减弱,而过氧化物酶(POD)活性无显著变化.CAT的加入能缓解NaCl对CAT活性的抑制作用;DPI的加入减缓了盐对SOD、CAT的抑制效应,使POD活性降低;PTIO显著地增加了盐处理根中POD活性.盐处理导致小麦幼苗根中脯氨酸质量分数、可溶性糖质量浓度、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛(MDA)质量分数均增加.DPI导致盐处理根中脯氨酸质量分数、可溶性糖质量浓度均增加.CAT不影响NaCl对根的氧化损伤,DPI的加入导致盐处理小麦根MDA质量分数增加为对照的184%,而PTIO能够缓解盐诱导的氧化损伤.盐处理抑制小麦幼苗根茎的生长,诱导的内源性ROS和NO的产生相互影响,特别是二者共同作用调控幼苗根的生长和抗氧化反应.     

铜或锌胁迫对小麦根中抗氧化系统的影响

为探讨小麦根中抗氧化酶对重金属胁迫的反应.利用水培法研究了铜(Cu)或锌(Zn)胁迫对小麦幼苗根中活性氧(ROS)产生及抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果显示,Cu或Zn胁迫下小麦根中OH~·、H_2O_2和MDA含量均有不同程度的增加,Cu胁迫下O_2~(·-)含量呈先升高后下降的趋势,而O_2~(·-)在Zn胁迫下呈升高的趋势.Cu胁迫下超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈升高的趋势,而过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈先升高后下降的趋势.Zn胁迫下SOD活性呈先降低后升高的趋势,POD活性受到明显的抑制,过氧化氢酶CAT活性在Cu或Zn胁迫下均有不同程度的下降.表明Cu或Zn胁迫下小麦根中抗氧化酶活性发生了不同的变化,以此来清除根中积累的ROS,降低重金属对小麦的损伤.     

碱胁迫对紫花苜蓿抗氧化酶的影响

利用不同浓度NaHCO_3对紫花苜蓿进行碱胁迫处理,测定碱胁迫对紫花苜蓿生理指标的影响.结果表明:随着碱胁迫程度的增强,紫花苜蓿H_2O_2含量先下降再上升,O_2~-·产生速率、相对电导率和脯氨酸含量均显著上升,MDA含量呈上升趋势.紫花苜蓿CAT酶活性显著上升,SOD和POD活性先下降再升高.叶绿素含量随着碱处理浓度的升高呈现先上升后下降的趋势.综合分析,紫花苜蓿对土壤碱胁迫的抗性较强.     

甜菜碱对铅胁迫下玉米幼苗生理特性的影响

为进一步研究甜菜碱对重金属铅胁迫下玉米幼苗生长发育的影响,本实验用甜菜碱处理不同浓度重金属铅溶液胁迫下的玉米幼苗,观测玉米幼苗的生长状况,对玉米幼苗过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)以及丙二醛(MDA)含量等生理指标进行测定,探讨外源甜菜碱对玉米幼苗重金属铅胁迫的影响。结果显示,甜菜碱处理后,玉米幼苗体内POD,SOD,CAT活性都明显提高,而MDA含量的增加量明显降低,表明甜菜碱在一定程度上可缓解重金属铅对玉米幼苗的胁迫。     

Cr6+对高丹草幼苗叶片非酶系统和抗氧化系统活性的影响

以高丹草为材料,研究了用不同浓度(0,0.5,1.0,1.8 mmol·L-1)铬酸钾(K2CrO4)处理对高丹草幼苗生物量、非酶系统和抗氧化酶系统活性的影响.结果显示:与对照组相比,叶片中铬含量随处理浓度的升高而升高,在低浓度(0.5 mmol·L-1)胁迫时幼苗生物量增加显著(P＜0.05);在中(1.0 mmol·L-1)、高(1.8 mmol·L-1)浓度胁迫时,地上部和根部干重降低明显,且差异达极显著水平(P＜0.01),高丹草幼苗叶片质膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐升高.在抗氧化酶系统中幼苗叶片随着Cr6+浓度的升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性较对照组升高显著(P＜0.05),且APX活性在Cr6+浓度为1.0 mmol· L-1时出现拐点;非酶系统中谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量逐渐降低而抗坏血酸(AsA)的含量变化趋势相同,但GSH含量在Cr6+高浓度胁迫下的含量较对照组明显降低(P＜0.05).总体来看,高丹草幼苗对Cr6+胁迫积极响应且表现出一定的耐受性.     

苯丙烯酸预处理对弱光下黄瓜叶片抗氧化特性的影响

为了探明外源苯丙烯酸在弱光逆境胁迫下对黄瓜叶片抗氧化特性的影响,本实验以‘津春4号’黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)品种为材料,用50μmol苯丙烯酸处理2 d,然后分别置于正常光照(500μmol/(m·s)和弱光(80μmol/(m·s)下生长6 d。探究黄瓜在抗弱光胁迫中外源苯丙烯酸是否通过抗氧化酶在对膜脂过氧化起作用。结果表明,在第2天,苯丙烯酸预处理降低了MDA含量、O_2~(.-)生成速率以及H_2O_2含量,提高了抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性。第8天,苯丙烯酸预处理降低了弱光胁迫下MDA含量、O_2~(.-)生成速率以及H_2O_2含量,提高了SOD、APX、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、GSH-Px活性。因此,外源苯丙烯酸预处理通过抗氧化酶的作用缓解了弱光下黄瓜叶片的膜脂过氧化损伤。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that