浓淡煤粉燃烧器双通道速度差对NOx排放的影响

对350 MW电站四角切圆煤粉锅炉燃烧过程和煤粉燃烧器气固两相流的数值计算表明,常规浓淡煤粉燃烧器的双通道速度差为6～9 m·s-1,因此,提出了等速型浓淡煤粉燃烧器的概念.等速型浓淡煤粉燃烧器比常规直流煤粉燃烧器可减少21.8%的NOx排放,比常规浓淡煤粉燃烧器也可降低11.3%的NOx排放.     

国内西部某热电厂2×300MW工程除尘器选择方案

0概述本工程建设2×300MW空冷燃煤机组,配两台亚临界、四角切圆燃烧、单炉膛Π形布置、一次中间再热、平衡通风,全钢架悬吊结构、紧身封闭、固态排渣、自然循环汽包燃煤锅炉,锅炉以当地煤为燃料,轻柴油点火助燃,制粉系统采用正压直吹式中速磨煤机系统。除尘器的排放要求为出口最大含尘浓度小于等于50mg/Nm3。     

面向深度调峰的超临界煤粉锅炉变负荷燃烧三维数值模拟

为解决低负荷运行时燃煤锅炉稳燃性下降和NO_x排放增加的问题,对一台660 MW超临界旋流对冲锅炉在低负荷(20%～60%额定负荷)下不同运行工况进行了三维数值模拟,并研究了低负荷下多种操作参数对锅炉稳燃性和污染物排放的影响.计算与分析结果表明:30%额定负荷运行时投运下层燃烧器,且一次风率为0.2、煤粉粒径为50μm时,NO_x排放最少;当负荷进一步降低时锅炉稳燃性迅速下降,同时NO_x排放量迅速增加;调整燃烧器运行方式、一次风率和煤粉粒径可以有效改善锅炉低负荷燃烧状况.在负荷低于30%额定负荷的深度调峰运行时,采用2台磨煤机、下层燃烧器运行,并适当降低一次风率和煤粉粒径可以提高燃煤锅炉的低负荷运行能力.     

电站煤粉锅炉炉膛对流换热的分析

分析了电站煤粉锅炉炉膛的流场分布,提出了主要随燃烧方式和燃烧器布置方式而变化的炉内对流换热模型．以四角切圆燃烧方式为例,按此换热模型进行了炉内对流换热计算．结果表明,对于１０００ｔ／ｈ以上大型锅炉的炉内传热计算宜考虑对流换热．     

新型低挥发份煤燃烧方式的试验研究

改变传统的燃烧器四角布置方式，将燃烧器布置于四墙中心，既保留了切向燃烧方式的优势，又大大改善了燃料的着火和燃烧条件，使低挥发份煤能够在炉膛内及时着火、稳定燃烧和充分燃尽，通过试验研究表明，新型的燃烧方式为解决电站锅炉燃用低挥发份煤的问题提供了新途径。同时也为解决大容量电站锅炉四角切向燃烧时炉膛结渣和炉膛出口水平烟道内烟气参数偏差两个难题提供了新途径。     

试论300MW四角切圆的锅炉如何节油降耗

300MW四角切圆锅炉又是火力发电厂中的耗能大户,挖掘节油潜力、节能降耗是降低企业生产成本,增强自身市场竞争力的重要手段之一。因此,对300MW四角切圆的锅炉进行节油降耗就显得尤为重要。本文首先分析了四角切圆锅炉的燃烧特点,其次,从加强培训,提高人员综合素质;健全管理制度,强化节能考核;在技术上加强300MW四角切圆锅炉管理;配备监测仪表,提高自动控制水平等方面就300MW四角切圆的锅炉如何节油降耗进行了深入的探讨,具有一定的参考价值。     

330MW四角切圆锅炉低NO_x优化改造数值模拟

针对某电厂330MW四角切圆锅炉NOx排放质量浓度高、炉内结渣严重的问题,提出基于多空气分级低氮燃烧技术的燃烧器改造方案,运用FLUENT软件对改造前后锅炉燃烧状况进行数值模拟.分析计算和试验数据得出:改造后,浓相一次风反切对炉内燃烧有一定影响,煤粉气流对水冷壁冲刷减弱,结渣现象明显改善;煤粉着火稳燃得到强化,主燃区CO质量浓度增大,炉内还原性气氛增强;燃尽区下部形成的NOx还原区对降低NOx排放质量浓度有积极作用;炉内最高温度下降80℃左右,NOx排放质量浓度降幅达47%左右.     

空气管出口布置方式对平焰燃烧特性的影响

为了减少CO和NO的排放,采用不同的空气出口布置方式,对平焰燃烧特性进行分析.实验结果表明:四管切圆和三管切圆两种空气出口布置方式都能形成平焰,空气旋流造成的负压区使回流阻力减少,高温炉气回流到焰心挤压在旋流的中央,也促进气流附壁,使燃烧更稳定;随着空气管至烧嘴中心轴线距离的增加,火焰面逐渐扩展,从而降低了燃烧区峰值温度,进而促使CO和NO含量的降低;在相同空气管距离下,四管切圆比三管切圆具有更大的火焰面和更均匀地分布,且峰值温度和CO、NO含量略低于后者.可见采用四管切圆布置方式,并适当增加空气管至烧嘴中心轴线的距离,更适合平焰燃烧器的低氮燃烧.     

燃烧调整对炉内温度分布及NOx排放的影响

采用具有三维温度场可视化监控系统的300 MW四角切圆燃煤锅炉,研究燃烧调整对炉内温度分布和NOx排放规律的影响.结果表明,总风量调整、总燃料量扰动、燃烧器摆角调整、层间燃料量调整、燃烧器不同组合以及单层燃烧器燃料调整直接影响炉内沿高度方向的温度场分布、NOx的排放量、飞灰含碳量和辐射能.NOx排放量与实时炉内温度分布密切相关,这与已逐渐成熟的NOx生成机理的研究结果一致.     

超临界四角切圆锅炉燃烧器安装工艺探讨

600WM机组超临界锅炉是近几年新兴设备,尤其对四角切圆锅炉燃烧器的安装国内还无参考文献.由于超临界锅炉水冷壁布置方法与常规锅炉完全不同,常规燃烧器安装方法无法实施.本文通过对珠海电厂3号锅炉燃烧器安装方案介绍,总结了超临界四角切圆锅炉燃烧器安装工艺,在珠海4号锅炉、福建可门工程锅炉安装过程中都进行了应用,实践效果良好.本方案可以作为超临界四角切圆燃烧锅炉燃烧器安装的通用方案推广应用,对其它锅炉施工也有良好的借鉴作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.