研究聚ADP核糖基化作用与细胞恶变关系的双基因真核表达重组体的构建

本文将聚ADP核糖聚合酶基因1．4kb部分序列反向插入真核表达载体pMAMneo和pSMG中，同时12位密码子突变的活化ras癌基因也一同克隆到上述载体中，从而获得具有不同真核基因筛选标记的双基因真核表达重组体pMAMneo－Cl．4－T24，pMAMneo－Cl.4－arT24，及pSMG－Cl．4-T24，上述质粒的构建成功为研究聚ADP核糖基化作用与细胞恶变的关系提供了一种新的分子模型．     

大鼠20αHSD基因调控序列的克隆与检测

酶切包含20αHSD基因及其调控序列的X噬菌体13NA,获得4．0kb的DNA大片段,将此片段与载体质粒连接得到重组质粒,酶切重组质粒后电泳,再以地高辛标记的20αHSD基因的cDNA为探针进行Southern杂交,实验获得了大片段的重组质粒。     

球孢白僵菌海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶基因tps1真核表达载体的构建

本研究针对球孢白僵菌的tps1基因,通过双酶切和T4连接,构建了tps1基因的真核表达载体pPIC9K/tps1。PCR鉴定和测序表明,该重组质粒包含了球孢白僵菌tps1基因的全长cDNA序列。并且Bbtps1基因被正确地插入到了pPIC9K质粒的表达框中。因此,该重组质粒可以直接用于tps1基因的酵母表达。     

球孢白僵菌海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶基因tps1真核表达载体的构建

本研究针对球孢白僵菌的tps1基因,通过双酶切和T4连接,构建了tps1基因的真核表达载体pPIC9K/tps1.PCR鉴定和测序表明,该重组质粒包含了球孢白僵菌tps1基因的全长cDNA序列.并且Bbtps1基因被正确地插入到了pPIC9K质粒的表达框中.因此,该重组质粒可以直接用于tps1基因的酵母表达.     

点突变ras癌基因全cDNA真核表达重组体的构建及诱导NIH3T3细胞转化的研究

将活化癌基因Ｔ２４－ｒａｓ的全ｃＤＮＡ序列正向插入真核载体ｐＭＡＭｎｅｏ，构建成重组质粒ｐＭＡＭｎｅｏ－Ｔ２４－ｒａｓ．将该质粒转染ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞，通过药物筛选，建成细胞系３Ｔ３（Ｔ２４）．Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交证明外源Ｔ２４－ｒａｓ基因已整合于受体细胞染色体中．３Ｔ３（Ｔ２４）细胞表现出形态学方面的明显变化：具失去接触抑制能力，且在裸鼠体内致瘤等恶性行为．本文构建的Ｔ２４－ｒａｓ基因真核表达重组体和建立的转化细胞系可用于肿瘤的诊断、预防、治疗及抗肿瘤药物的筛选、评估等研究．     

家鸡单核细胞趋化因子MCP-1克隆、融合表达及序列分析

本研究从鸡cDNA文库中,通过菌落PCR筛选获得单核细胞趋化激活因子(MCP-1)基因的cDNA,将该cDNA中的ORF插入到pET-28a( )质粒(携带T7/lac启动子序列和His-Tag标签序列)中,得到pET-mcp-1质粒;重组质粒转化E.coliBL21(DE3)后,经IPTG诱导表达得到MCP-1和His-Tag的融合蛋白(HisTag-MCP-1)。该基因不仅具有CC趋化因子家族Cys-Cys氨基酸模序,并且与结构和功能相关的氨基酸高度保守。     

PARP抑制剂诱导外源整合基因删除的作用特点

构建能表达LacZ基因和c-Ha-T24ras基因的两种真核表达重组质粒A13.4和B12.7（两基因相对位置不同），并将其转染NIH3T3细胞和HeLa细胞，经G418筛选，分别建立了四种稳定转化细胞系A13.4-NIH3T3、B12.7-NIH3T3、A13.4-HeLe及B12.7-HeLa。用聚ADP核糖聚合酶（PARP）的NAD位点抑制剂苯甲酰胺（BA）分别处理四种转化细胞后，检测细胞中整合的外源LacZ基因与c-Ha-T14ras基因的删除情况，结果如下：BA诱导的基因删除可发生于NIH3T3转化细胞系，但不能发生于HeLa转化细胞系；位于同一外源表达载体上的LacZ基因与c-Ha-T24ras基因的删除过程是同步的；外源整合DNA片段的转录强度可能直接影响其被BA诱导删除的敏感性。     

苜蓿花叶病毒复制酶基因的克隆、序列分析及其植物表达载体的构建

以侵染苜蓿的苜蓿花叶病毒中国分离株(Alfalfa mosaic virus Chinese isolate，A1MV—Ch)RNA2为模板，利用人工合成的特异性引物，进行反转录及PCR扩增，分两段分别扩增了复制酶基因的5′端1．32kb和3′端及其非编码区的1．23kb cDNA序列．用限制性内切酶切割PCR产物后，与pUCl9重组，转化大肠杆菌DH5α，筛选重组质粒，用限制性内切酶分析及PCR鉴定，得到分别含有5′端序列和3′端序列的重组质粒。已由上述两种重组质粒构建了含有完整复制酶基因的重组质粒．进行了全序列测定，并与国外报道的A1MV-425株系的相应序列相比较，其复制酶基因编码区核苷酸序列同源性达97．8％，推测的氨基酸序列的同源性达97．6％，3′端非编码区核苷酸序列同源性为98．2％．并将全长复制酶基因与植物表达载体pROKⅡ重组，得植物转化载体pAlMV—FL．     

鸡survivin重组腺病毒载体的构建和体外表达

根据GenBank中鸡survivin cDNA序列,设计引物,从鸡胚组织提取总RNA,利用RT-PCR扩增鸡survivin全长cDNA,经T-A克隆后插入腺病毒穿梭载体、骨架载体,构建腺病毒重组质粒,转染293E4pIX细胞,构建鸡survivin重组腺病毒.T-A克隆的测序结果与GenBank中鸡survivin cDNA完全一致.限制性内切酶分析和PCR表明腺病毒质粒携带survivin基因,Western blot证实重组腺病毒正确表达survivin,survivin基因已被成功重组到腺病毒基因组.     

人类PIF1蛋白质N-末端多肽的表达纯化和

解螺旋酶参与几乎体内所有的DNA代谢,具有重要的生理功能.为了从分子水平阐述人类PIF1解螺旋酶的生理功能,我们以HeLa细胞的cDNA文库为模版,PCR扩增得到PIF1基因5′端含有1～534核苷酸的cDNA序列-PIFΔC.在PIFΔC的 5′端引入六组氨酸标签后插入pET15b表达载体,得到重组质粒pET15-PIFΔC.以此重组质粒转化RosettaTM 2(DE3)感受态细胞,使PIFΔC蛋白质在大肠杆菌中得到表达.在4℃通过快速液相色谱纯化系统,通过一系列色谱层析柱纯化了PIFΔC蛋白质.以纯化的PIFΔC蛋白质免疫家兔制备了抗血清,并检测了纯化的PIFΔC的生物化学活性.结果显示不含解旋酶模序的人类PIF1蛋白质的N-末端,具有使单链DNA复性的特性.PIF1解螺旋酶具有解开DNA双链和使双链DNA复性这一矛盾的特性,暗示了人类PIF1解螺旋酶可能参与损伤DNA的修复,包括断裂的双链DNA的修复.     

利用反义RNA探索外源基因丢失的分子机理

利用反义ＲＮＡ技术研究了调控ＰＡＲＰ酶基因的表达对外源基因整合稳定性的影响。将ＰＡＲＰ基因ｃＤＮＡ的部分序列反向插入到真核表达载体ｐＳＭＧ中,将重组质粒分别导入携带有外源基因的细胞中,地塞米松诱导反义ＰＡＲＰ基因的表达后,进行Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交检测。结果表明,外源基因仍保留在基因组中,这意味着外源基因的丢失并不是由于单一ＰＡＲＰ酶活性降低所致。     

降低PARP酶活性对培养细胞SCE及微核效应的影响

聚腺苷二磷酸核糖基化作用是细胞内的一种重要的核蛋白转译后加工修饰，它参与细胞内很多重要的生物事件．催化该反应的酶是聚腺苷二磷酸核糖合酶（ＰＡＲＰ），底物为ＮＡＤ．本文使用ＰＡＲＰ酶的抑制剂苯甲酰胺处理培养细胞，研究了降低ＰＡＲＰ酶活性对培养细胞姐妹染色单体交换及微核效应的影响，为全面评价ＰＡＲＰ酶抑制剂在细胞内的功效打下基础．     

(ADP-ribose)n participates in DNA excision repair

Chromatin proteins are covalently modified by at least five different processes; in no case has the precise physiological function been established. One of these post-synthetic, covalent modifications is effected by the enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, which uses the coenzyme NAD+ to ADP-ribosylate chromatin proteins. The modification consists largely of mono(ADP-ribose), but long, homopolymer chains of (ADP-ribose) are also present. Various physiological functions have been suggested for (ADP-ribose)n. Here we demonstrate that one function of (ADP-ribose)n is to participate in the cellular recovery from DNA damage. Specific inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase prevent rejoining of DNA strand breaks caused by dimethyl sulphate and cytotoxicity is enhanced thereby. The rejoining of strand breaks is prevented also by nutritionally depleting the cells of NAD.     

Role of poly(ADP-ribose) formation in DNA repair.

The abundant nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase catalyses the synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). This protein has an N-terminal DNA-binding domain containing two zinc-fingers, which is linked to the C-terminal NAD(+)-binding domain by a short region containing several glutamic acid residues that are sites of auto-poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. The intracellular production of poly(ADP-ribose) is induced by agents that generate strand interruptions in DNA. The branched homopolymer chains may attain a size of 200-300 residues but are rapidly degraded after synthesis. The function of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis is not clear, although it seems to be required for DNA repair. Here we describe a human cell-free system that enables the role of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis in DNA repair to be characterized. The results indicate that unmodified polymerase molecules bind tightly to DNA strand breaks; auto-poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of the protein then effects its release and allows access to lesions for DNA repair enzymes.     

Sojucktang induces apoptosis via loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3 activation in KLE human endometrial cancer cells

Sojucktang （SJT） has long been used for the treatment of endometrial diseases in Korea. However, the mechanisms responsible for the SJT-induced apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells remain unclear. In the present study, SJT was demonstrated to show cytotoxic effect and induce apoptotic cell death via mitochondrial regulation in KLE endometrial cancer cells. Linderae Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Zedoariae Rhizoma, Trogopterorum Faeces and Agelicae Gigantis Radix were found to be the potent constituent herbs of SJT to significantly decrease the viability of KLE cells by a tetra zolium salt （XTT） assay. Apoptotic bodies were observed in SJT-treated KLE cells by 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole （DAPI） and TdT-mediated-dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL） assay. SJT also increased sub-G1 DNA contents of the cell cycle undergoing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it was observed that SJT activated caspase-3 and cleaved poly （ADP-ribose） polymerase （PARP）, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, this study shows that SJT exerts anti-tumor activity against KLE endometrial cancer cells via mitochondrial dependent apoptosis induction.     

Systematic identification of genomic markers of drug sensitivity in cancer cells

Clinical responses to anticancer therapies are often restricted to a subset of patients. In some cases, mutated cancer genes are potent biomarkers for responses to targeted agents. Here, to uncover new biomarkers of sensitivity and resistance to cancer therapeutics, we screened a panel of several hundred cancer cell lines--which represent much of the tissue-type and genetic diversity of human cancers--with 130 drugs under clinical and preclinical investigation. In aggregate, we found that mutated cancer genes were associated with cellular response to most currently available cancer drugs. Classic oncogene addiction paradigms were modified by additional tissue-specific or expression biomarkers, and some frequently mutated genes were associated with sensitivity to a broad range of therapeutic agents. Unexpected relationships were revealed, including the marked sensitivity of Ewing's sarcoma cells harbouring the EWS (also known as EWSR1)-FLI1 gene translocation to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. By linking drug activity to the functional complexity of cancer genomes, systematic pharmacogenomic profiling in cancer cell lines provides a powerful biomarker discovery platform to guide rational cancer therapeutic strategies.     

Phenomenon and mechanism of “secondary damage” during repair of DNA damage in irradiated mammalian cells

By means of comet assay, a study of kinetics curve of DNA damage repair in irradiated SX-9 cells that came from mouse breast cancer proceeded. It was found that while the initial DNA damages had nearly been repaired, DNA damages arose for the second time, then they were repaired again. As a result, a phenomenon of “secondary damage” was found during the repair of DNA damages in irradiated SX-9 cells. Further research illuminated that 3-aminobenzamide (3AB), which is an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, could change the proceeding of “secondary damage”. For this reason it is poasible that there exists some inner relationship between the phenomenon of “secondary damage” and the function of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.     

Secondary mutations as a mechanism of cisplatin resistance in BRCA2-mutated cancers

Ovarian carcinomas with mutations in the tumour suppressor BRCA2 are particularly sensitive to platinum compounds. However, such carcinomas ultimately develop cisplatin resistance. The mechanism of that resistance is largely unknown. Here we show that acquired resistance to cisplatin can be mediated by secondary intragenic mutations in BRCA2 that restore the wild-type BRCA2 reading frame. First, in a cisplatin-resistant BRCA2-mutated breast-cancer cell line, HCC1428, a secondary genetic change in BRCA2 rescued BRCA2 function. Second, cisplatin selection of a BRCA2-mutated pancreatic cancer cell line, Capan-1 (refs 3, 4), led to five different secondary mutations that restored the wild-type BRCA2 reading frame. All clones with secondary mutations were resistant both to cisplatin and to a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (AG14361). Finally, we evaluated recurrent cancers from patients whose primary BRCA2-mutated ovarian carcinomas were treated with cisplatin. The recurrent tumour that acquired cisplatin resistance had undergone reversion of its BRCA2 mutation. Our results suggest that secondary mutations that restore the wild-type BRCA2 reading frame may be a major clinical mediator of acquired resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy.     

Resistance to therapy caused by intragenic deletion in BRCA2

Cells with loss of BRCA2 function are defective in homologous recombination (HR) and are highly sensitive to inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which provides the basis for a new therapeutic approach. Here we show that resistance to PARP inhibition can be acquired by deletion of a mutation in BRCA2. We derived PARP-inhibitor-resistant (PIR) clones from the human CAPAN1 pancreatic cancer cell line, which carries the protein-truncating c.6174delT frameshift mutation. PIR clones could form DNA-damage-induced RAD51 nuclear foci and were able to limit genotoxin-induced genomic instability, both hallmarks of a competent HR pathway. New BRCA2 isoforms were expressed in the resistant lines as a result of intragenic deletion of the c.6174delT mutation and restoration of the open reading frame (ORF). Reconstitution of BRCA2-deficient cells with these revertant BRCA2 alleles rescued PARP inhibitor sensitivity and HR deficiency. Most of the deletions in BRCA2 were associated with small tracts of homology, and possibly arose from error-prone repair caused by BRCA2 deficiency. Similar ORF-restoring mutations were present in carboplatin-resistant ovarian tumours from c.6174delT mutation carriers. These observations have implications for understanding drug resistance in BRCA mutation carriers as well as in defining functionally important domains within BRCA2.