整数与分数阶涡旋光束相位奇点的稳定性分析

通过衍射积分理论对整数阶以及分数阶涡旋光束的相位奇点的稳定性进行了研究.对于任意整数阶涡旋光束,推导了其在传输中电场的解析表达式;对于分数阶涡旋光束,不能给出传输中电场的解析解,仅能解析计算中心点电场在传输中的值.理论证明和模拟计算表明整数阶涡旋光束的相位奇点具有稳定性,传输后涡旋的暗核能够得以维持,光强仍然具有中心对称性分布;分数阶涡旋光束不具备稳定性,传输后几何中心电场不再为零,且观测平面上的光强分布也不再具有中心对称的特点.实验分析表明整数阶涡旋光束更适合于自由空间光通信系统.     

自相互作用玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚系统的涡旋解

 为了更好地研究玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚系统GP方程的涡旋解,使用涡旋解的数值分析解算出了自相互作用玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚系统中状态稳定的单个涡旋的能量,并与以前算出的能量作了比较,数值相差很小,证明了此涡旋解的数值分析解是正确的.     

荷电玻色子系统的涡旋解

 主要先由超导理论的建立和发展说明了Ginzburg-Landau理论的重要作用,并给出了各向异性非均匀系统的完整GL方程式和各个宏观微观参量的关系式.运用GL方程及其涡旋数值解,假设外场H_α=0,利用有效近似,最后通过计算得出荷电玻色子系统的涡旋解.     

磁场中带电自相互作用玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚系统的涡旋能量

使用玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚系统GP方程的涡旋解的数值分析解算出了在磁场中带电自相互作用玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚系统中状态稳定的单个涡旋的能量,这对进一步研究处在磁场中的带电涡旋态是有利的。     

基于自适应NSGA-Ⅱ算法的变截面涡旋盘优化

针对目前对涡旋压缩机涡旋盘的优化设计多以几何性能最佳为优化目标,其力学性能较差这一缺点,提出了基于自适应第二代非支配遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)、综合考虑力学性能和几何性能的变截面涡旋盘多目标优化设计方法.针对由基圆渐开线和高次曲线组成的变截面涡旋盘,确立了以涡旋型线特征参数表示的动涡旋轴向气体力及内容积比数学模型,以轴向力最小和内容积比最大为设计目标进行多目标优化设计,引入了根据种群的进化状态来进行自我调节的交叉算子和变异算子,以提高NSGA-Ⅱ算法的效率和最优解的分布均匀度,并得到了Pareto最优解集.在最优解集中挑选三种优化型涡旋盘与传统型涡旋盘进行对比分析,其最大轴向气体力分别减少了3.20%,1.08%和1.90%,内容积比分别提高了5.37%,6.64%和3.35%,表明提出的优化方法可以得到综合性能较优的变截面涡旋盘.     

中心力场中的电子涡旋

电子涡旋波最早是在轨道角动量守恒的系统中被发现.对于轨道角动量不守恒的系统,涡旋波的存在与否尚不清楚.以相对论情况下的中心力场中的电子为例,构建了在轨道角动量不守恒但总角动量守恒的情况下,当携带固定总角动量的电子沿z轴传播时,对此时系统所对应的电子涡旋波进行微扰求解;并结合Foldy-Wouthuysen(F-W)变换,说明了在相对论情况下,中心力场下携带轨道角动量的电子沿z轴传播时确实存在涡旋解,同时展示了相对应的涡旋波解和螺旋等相位面.     

环形涡旋光场干涉的理论分析与数值模拟

运用理论分析和数值模拟方法研究了对称分布的环形光涡旋的干涉图样.结果表明,当含有相同拓扑荷m的2束环形涡旋光在相对离轴参数δ=0～1的变化过程中,干涉涡旋的图样会分解为m=±1的单涡旋光束,而且会出现此单涡旋光场的中心偏离原涡旋的中心连线成轴对称分布的情况;对于拓扑荷为负的单涡旋,其中心则出现在与原2涡旋中心连线的中垂线上,且关于原点对称.从干涉图样中还可以看出,干涉叠加后的净拓扑荷与原涡旋的拓扑荷相等.     

柱位形等离子体中气球模的相干结构

本文研究等离子体柱中非线性气球模。导出了描述柱位形下等离子体中气球模的非线性方程组,并求出该方程组的局域涡旋解。这类新解由柱对称和反对称两部分组成,称为气球柱涡旋。当涡旋中心离柱轴距离远小于涡旋半径时,它退化为单涡旋;而在相反的情况下,它又退化为通常的偶极涡旋。涡旋角速度允许区强烈地依赖于磁场力线的曲率。     

约瑟夫森结中的涡旋动力学特性

利用周期瞬子方法从理论上研究了环状偏流约瑟夫森结中的单个涡旋隧穿特性.将涡旋在约瑟夫森结中的运动简化为一个粒子在特定势阱中的运动,由于涡旋可以从阱中逃逸,这就使得涡旋在阱中的能态是不稳定的.理论上指出,正是由于涡旋的隧穿,使得涡旋所处的能态是亚稳态,该能态是一个复数,其虚部正比于能态的衰变率.通过理论计算得出:在温度较高的情况下,涡旋进行的是热隧穿,在低温条件下,涡旋的逃逸只能通过量子隧穿的方式.还指出过程中系统随着温度的降低,通过二阶转变过程从热隧穿过渡到了量子隧穿.     

立式高压型涡旋压缩机摩擦副分析

分析了立式高压型涡旋压缩机在稳定运行工况下的摩擦副及其摩擦润滑状态 .对涡旋压缩机的径向轴承类摩擦副进行建模 ,根据涡旋压缩机的载荷大小和相位分布特征对载荷式进行了合理的积分 ,得到了该类摩擦副在压缩机稳定运行时的摩擦力的分析解 .考虑到立式高压型涡旋压缩机的工作特点及供油特征 ,根据 Streibeck曲线分析选取了其余摩擦副的摩擦系数 ,给出了涡旋压缩机的摩擦功率损失计算公式 ,并对样机进行了摩擦功率损失和压缩机总耗功率的计算 .通过对功率分布图的分析 ,提出了提高立式高压型涡旋压缩机机械效率的建议     

绕斜锥头型回转体分离涡空化特性分析

为研究空化的发生机理,对绕斜锥头型回转体分离涡空化特性进行了数值模拟,结果表明,当水流过斜锥头型回转体时,在其前部几何拐点处形成中心型的分离涡.研究中,将其简化为二维椭圆涡,并基于边界层和涡流动理论对涡内的流线和压力分布进行理论分析,获得了不同斜锥角下分离涡尺度与初生空化的关系,并进一步对绕斜锥头型回转体空泡内流场结构和空泡几何特征变化规律进行了分析.      

光学涡旋产生方法的分析与研究

光学涡旋是具有螺旋型波前和相位奇点的一种新型光束,对其原理与应用的研究已经成为光学领域中一个新兴的热点.本文首先对几种常用的产生光学涡旋的方法进行了介绍,分析了不同方法的优缺点,并利用液晶空间光调制器法和螺旋相位板法进行了实验研究.     

周培源湍流统计理论的新发展

将周培源教授于50年代提出的轴对称旋涡结构的湍流统计理论进一步推广到非轴对称旋涡结构的情况,并用周培源-萨夫曼平均方法和张量分析给出了计算方向平均的一般公式,从而大大减少了各种关联函数计算的工作量。     

平面涡旋光叠加形成复合涡旋的理论分析

复合涡旋可以通过不同的光学涡旋叠加产生,通过两束平面涡旋共线叠加,对两束平面光学涡旋的叠加作了理论分析.讨论了不同情况下复合涡旋中心的分布情况,通过几何解析法找到了涡旋核重合的两平面涡旋叠加后的复合涡旋中心,从理论上得出,这种叠加方式可以得到圆对称分布的复合涡旋.     

Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless crossover in a trapped atomic gas

Any state of matter is classified according to its order, and the type of order that a physical system can possess is profoundly affected by its dimensionality. Conventional long-range order, as in a ferromagnet or a crystal, is common in three-dimensional systems at low temperature. However, in two-dimensional systems with a continuous symmetry, true long-range order is destroyed by thermal fluctuations at any finite temperature. Consequently, for the case of identical bosons, a uniform two-dimensional fluid cannot undergo Bose-Einstein condensation, in contrast to the three-dimensional case. However, the two-dimensional system can form a 'quasi-condensate' and become superfluid below a finite critical temperature. The Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) theory associates this phase transition with the emergence of a topological order, resulting from the pairing of vortices with opposite circulation. Above the critical temperature, proliferation of unbound vortices is expected. Here we report the observation of a BKT-type crossover in a trapped quantum degenerate gas of rubidium atoms. Using a matter wave heterodyning technique, we observe both the long-wavelength fluctuations of the quasi-condensate phase and the free vortices. At low temperatures, the gas is quasi-coherent on the length scale set by the system size. As the temperature is increased, the loss of long-range coherence coincides with the onset of proliferation of free vortices. Our results provide direct experimental evidence for the microscopic mechanism underlying the BKT theory, and raise new questions regarding coherence and superfluidity in mesoscopic systems.     

Antiferromagnetic order induced by an applied magnetic field in a high-temperature superconductor.

One view of the high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) copper oxide superconductors is that they are conventional superconductors where the pairing occurs between weakly interacting quasiparticles (corresponding to the electrons in ordinary metals), although the theory has to be pushed to its limit. An alternative view is that the electrons organize into collective textures (for example, charge and spin stripes) which cannot be 'mapped' onto the electrons in ordinary metals. Understanding the properties of the material would then need quantum field theories of objects such as textures and strings, rather than point-like electrons. In an external magnetic field, magnetic flux penetrates type II superconductors via vortices, each carrying one flux quantum. The vortices form lattices of resistive material embedded in the non-resistive superconductor, and can reveal the nature of the ground state-for example, a conventional metal or an ordered, striped phase-which would have appeared had superconductivity not intervened, and which provides the best starting point for a pairing theory. Here we report that for one high-Tc superconductor, the applied field that imposes the vortex lattice also induces 'striped' antiferromagnetic order. Ordinary quasiparticle models can account for neither the strength of the order nor the nearly field-independent antiferromagnetic transition temperature observed in our measurements.     

河道中钝体周围的床面冲刷试验研究

对泄洪闸闸墩、淹没薄壁长立方体以及圆柱形桥墩周围的河床床面冲刷进行了较为详细的试验。以试验所获得的大量测试数据、录像资料及照片为基础,分析了钝体周围的水流速度场、水流旋涡场、并重点分析了钝体周围的床面冲刷与钝体周围水流旋涡结构的关系,得出了关于河道中钝体周围床面冲刷的一些规律性结论。     

A one-dimensional chain state of vortex matter.

Magnetic flux penetrates isotropic type II superconductors in flux-quantized vortices, which arrange themselves into a lattice structure that is independent of the direction of the applied field. In extremely anisotropic high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors, a lattice of stacks of circular 'pancake' vortices forms when a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the copper oxide layers, while an orthogonal elongated lattice of elliptical Josephson vortices forms when the applied field is parallel to the layers. Here we report that when a tilted magnetic field is applied to single crystals of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta, these lattices can interact to form a new state of vortex matter in which all stacks of pancake vortices intersect the Josephson vortices. The sublattice of Josephson vortices can therefore be used to manipulate the sublattice of pancake vortices. This result explains the suppression of irreversible magnetization by in-plane fields as seen in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta crystals, a hitherto mysterious observation. The ability to manipulate sublattices could be important for flux-logic devices, where a 'bit' might be represented by a pancake vortex stack, and the problem of vortex positioning is overcome through sublattice interactions. This also enables the development of flux transducers and amplifiers, considerably broadening the scope for applications of anisotropic high-Tc superconductors.     

水平轴变桨距风机叶轮的空气动力学分析

为研究风力机叶片的空气动力学特性,采用自由尾涡方法和升力面理论建立了描述风力机叶片周围气体流动和风力机特性的数学模型.引入涡系与叶片之间的诱导速度,对数学模型进行数值求解,得到尖速比与功率系数、风速与功率系数的关系曲线,并与实验数据进行比较.结果表明,计算结果与实验数据具有很好的一致性.与CFD计算相比,自由尾涡方法节省计算成本,并具有工程上可接受的计算精度,可为风场选择及风力机控制系统增速比设计提供参考.     

Symmetry-induced formation of antivortices in mesoscopic superconductors

Recent progress in nanotechnology has stimulated interest in mesoscopic superconductors as components for quantum computing and cryoelectronics. The critical parameters for superconductivity (current and field) of a mesoscopic sample are determined by the pattern of vortices in it, which in turn is controlled by the symmetry imposed by the shape of the sample (see ref. 1 and references therein). Hitherto it has been unclear what happens when the number of vortices is not consistent with the natural symmetry. Here we show that additional vortex-antivortex pairs nucleate spontaneously so as to preserve the symmetry of the sample. For example, in a square with three vortices, the spontaneously generated pair, along with the original three vortices, distribute themselves so that the four vortices sit in the four corners, with the antivortex in the centre. The measured superconducting phase boundary (of superconducting transition temperature Tc versus magnetic field strength) is in very good agreement with the calculations, giving direct experimental evidence for these symmetry-induced vortex-antivortex pairs. Vortex entry into the sample is also changed: vortices enter a square in fours, with antivortices generated to preserve the imposed vorticity. The symmetry-induced nucleation of antivortices is not restricted to superconductors, but should also apply to symmetrically confined superfluids and Bose-Einstein condensates.