云开造山带条带-眼球状(环斑)强过铝花岗岩的岩石地球化学、年代及成因

云开造山带广泛出露的条带-眼球状(环斑)花岗质岩石及紫苏花岗岩岩石地球化学和离子探针(SHRIMP)定年的研究表明,绝大多数为强过铝(SP)高钾钙碱性-钙碱性花岗岩,并且是高温俯冲-碰撞后构造环境形成的强过铝(SP)高钾钙碱性-钙碱性花岗岩。高钾钙碱性条带状黑云二长花岗岩、眼球状(环斑)黑云二长花岗岩到钙碱性紫苏花岗闪长岩(闪长岩)和片麻状含榴黑云二长花岗岩形成时代逐渐变新,岩浆结晶锆石SHRIMP年龄由(465±10)Ma、(467±10)Ma变为(435±11)Ma、(413±8)Ma,侵入辉长岩的Sm-Nd矿物-岩石等时线年龄为(392±53)Ma,并主要形成于俯冲-碰撞转换为碰撞后底侵-伸展的构造环境,其中紫苏花岗闪长岩(闪长岩)和片麻状含榴黑云二长花岗岩具A型花岗岩地球化学特征,侵入辉长岩的形成则标志俯冲-碰撞造山作用的结束和大陆伸展作用环境的开始。条带-眼球状(环斑)花岗岩及紫苏花岗岩中尽管存在四堡期(格林威尔)造山事件的重要信息,但它们应代表加里东期扬子板块向华夏板块俯冲-碰撞后拆沉-底侵-伸展作用构造环境岩浆岩活动的产物,并且经历了印支期的挤压抬升和伸展揭顶作用。     

内蒙古阿巴嘎旗北部晚奥陶世A型二长花岗岩研究及地质意义

在内蒙古乌里雅斯太活动边缘带的阿巴嘎旗北部发现长约12 km、宽约3 km的花岗岩。对该花岗岩进行了详细的岩相学、元素地球化学和岩石年代学特征分析,表明岩石为二长花岗岩,具有富硅、偏铝到过铝质和高钾特征,属高钾钙碱性岩石系列。二长花岗岩显示高的K₂O/Na₂O (1.24～1.40)、FeO_T/MgO(0.82～0.93)、Zr+Sr+Y、Rb/Nb和Y/Nb值,表现出A2型花岗岩的特征。岩石大离子亲石元素总体富集,高场强元素中Ti和Nb亏损,但Zr、Ta和Hf富集。稀土元素总量偏低,LREE/HREE(1.66～6.99)变化较大,δEu为0.04～0.39,表明该岩石是在相对低压、高温条件下由原有地壳物质部分熔融形成的。两个样品的锆石U-Pb定年显示其年龄分别为444.8±1.5 Ma和445.2±1.1 Ma,表明其形成时代为晚奥陶世,是兴蒙造山带由碰撞挤压的构造环境向碰撞后伸展体制的转变过程。     

灵山岩体的形成时代、构造背景及其A型花岗岩的厘定

出露于大别造山带西部的灵山岩体侵位于苏家河群之中,采用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年方法,获得该岩体的主体岩性钾长花岗岩的岩浆锆石年龄为129.3±2.5 Ma,代表岩体的结晶年龄.综合分析表明,灵山岩体花岗岩具有高硅、贫镁、贫钙、富碱等特征,属于A2型花岗岩类.它形成于非造山裂谷环境.岩体的形成预示着大别造山带早白垩世造山作用已经结束,非造山过程已经开始.     

渤海莱州湾凹陷走滑-伸展叠覆型复杂斜坡带特征及油气成藏

利用地震、钻井及地球化学等资料,对渤海海域莱州湾凹陷走滑-伸展叠覆型复杂斜坡带的构造特征与成因机制及对成藏作用的影响进行综合研究。受伸展断陷引起的掀斜翘倾与郯庐断裂带双支走滑引起的释压与增压应力控制,研究区发生多次块体旋转与差异隆降,形成了“坡隆频繁转换、地层掀斜翘倾”的斜坡带演化模式。该构造演化模式控制了双洼双套烃源岩的差异发育、早期“潜山成储-近源成扇-台地混积滩”的沉积体系以及多种构造样式与圈闭类型的形成。在此基础上,总结了莱州湾凹陷南部缓坡带的油气成藏规律：莱州湾凹陷南部缓坡带油气主要分布在中央构造带,表现出明显的源控特征;古近系辫状河三角洲砂体和区域性不整合面控制了斜坡区油气优势运移方向及油气层位的差异分布;新构造运动控制斜坡带油气超晚期充注。莱州湾凹陷南部斜坡带受多期走滑-伸展构造相互叠置影响,形成了多源供烃、储层发育、圈闭多样的有利成藏条件,是有利的石油富集区。     

桩长对L型带裙房高层建筑的结构-基础-地基共同作用的影响

建立了某实际工程L型带裙房高层建筑三维分析模型,采用分层地基模型模拟地基土,引入缝连接单元,对不设缝带裙房高层建筑进行了上部结构-桩筏基础-地基共同作用分析,主要讨论主楼和裙房的桩长变化对桩筏基础的影响,研究表明：随着主楼桩长增加,主楼与裙房基础的平均沉降以及它们之间的沉降差减小,减小趋势趋于缓慢,对于基础底板弯矩,总体上随桩长的增加而增加,增加趋势变缓;裙房桩长增加,主楼沉降量变化不大,裙房沉降量减小,裙房分担主楼荷载的比例增加,裙房倾斜先增加后变化趋于平缓,而主楼倾斜减小.     

西藏日土白垩纪酸性侵入岩年代学及地球化学特征——对班公湖-怒江中特提斯洋盆闭合时限的制约

以西藏日土县北东地区的小型酸性侵入体为研究对象,结合岩石地球化学分析及锆石年龄测试,探讨岩石的成因类型及构造环境,确定班公湖-怒江中特提斯洋盆闭合的时限。研究区酸性岩体的岩性为黑云二长花岗岩,其主要组分的质量分数分别是:SiO_2为63.89%~77.49%,全碱(K_2O+Na_2O)为8.06%~8.95%,全铁(FeOT)为0.48%~4.37%,Al_2O_3为12.43%~16.17%;大离子亲石元素中Rb、Th、U、K明显富集,但Ba、Sr明显亏损;高场强元素中Nb、Ta、P、Ti明显亏损,而Zr、Hf相对富集;轻稀土元素相对富集、重稀土元素相对亏损,负Eu异常明显(δEu=0.09~0.67,平均为0.47),球粒原始标准化分布模式为向右缓倾的V型,属于A型花岗岩。其LA-ICP-MS锆石206Pb/238 U年龄加权平均值为(117.8±1.2)Ma,属于中生代早白垩世中期。从岩石碰撞后A1型花岗岩特征推测,班公湖-怒江中特提斯洋盆在日土地区的闭合时间应在早白垩世中期。     

异质型乙酰辅酶A羧化酶及其生产3-羟基丙酸的研究进展

乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACCase)催化底物乙酰辅酶A的羧化,是脂肪酸从头合成的起始限速酶.近年来,在一些嗜热古细菌、丝状不产氧光合细菌等中发现的ACCase还参与一种新型固定二氧化碳的3-羟基丙酸循环代谢途径.ACCase与丙二酰辅酶A还原酶直接催化该循环的起始两步反应,合成代谢特征中间物3-羟基丙酸(3-HP).本文围绕参与脂肪酸从头合成和3-羟基丙酸循环的异质型ACCase,系统介绍和总结异质型ACCase组成差异、催化过程、亚基构象变化和表达调控特点,扩展对ACCase结构与功能多样性和分子进化的理解.同时描述了利用异质型ACCase工程改造合成3-HP,为绿色、高效生物合成3-HP提供理论依据和重要策略.     

小麦淀粉浆糊中A型、B型淀粉及蛋白质对书画装裱的影响研究

书画装裱所用浆糊的传统小麦淀粉提取工艺只能制得粗制淀粉,含有A型淀粉、B型淀粉和蛋白质等多种成分。为了解这些不同成分对浆糊及装裱书画的影响,并改进小麦淀粉提取工艺,进而更好地保护书画,通过离心分离法筛分粗制淀粉,获得精制淀粉(即A型淀粉)和残渣淀粉(以B型淀粉为主),对比分析精制、残渣、粗制淀粉浆糊性能及其对裱件的影响。结果表明,精制淀粉浆糊的糊化程度、黏度、剥离强度最大,精制淀粉浆糊薄膜光滑性、均匀性、柔性最佳,并且精制淀粉浆糊涂布纸张具有最为理想的柔韧性和耐老化性能,而B型淀粉及蛋白质是降低浆糊性能的主要原因。为改善浆糊及书画的性能,建议在小麦淀粉传统提取工艺中增加离心分离法,制作精制淀粉浆糊。研究成果也为书画及相关纸质文物保护材料的研究引入了一种新方法,扩大了热机械分析在文物保护材料中的研究和应用范围。     

Emplacement age and tectonic implications of the Xilinhot A-type granite in Inner Mongolia,China

A new rock type of granite, approximate 45 km^2 in area and located about I0 km south of Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia, was found in the Sunitezuoqi (or called Suzuoqi)-Xilinhot tectonic belt and identified as an A-type miarolitic intrusion. The pluton has miarolitic structure and is composed chiefly of perthite, quartz, euhedral albite and potassium feldspar. Various types of textures occur in the pluton, such as perthitie, graphic and myrmekite textures. Only quartz is found in miarolitic cavity. This A-type granite with seagull-shaped REE patterns and obvious negative Eu anomaly (δEu=0.24--0.28) is high in SiO2 (76%--77%), K and Na (Na2O K2O=7.75%--8.15%) and low in Ca(CaO=0.20%--0.22%), Fe and Mg. Both petrographical observations and chemical compositions indicate that it is an A-type granite. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb analyses indicate that this A-type granite was emplaced at 276 2 Ma and coeval with the same type of granites in the adjacent areas. Therefore, it suggests that this pluton was likely formed in a post-orogenic extensional setting and probably related to break-off of subducted slabs in Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), which indicate that the Sunitezuoqi-Xilinhot belt was tectonically evolved into post-orogenic stage since early Permian.     

武夷地块黎川铝质A型花岗岩成因及其地质意义

华南早古生代花岗岩的成因和后碰撞伸展环境的形成机制仍存在争议。选择华南早古生代黎川花岗岩开展锆石U-Pb同位素、全岩地球化学研究,探讨其成因并分析后碰撞伸展环境的起始时间及形成机制。黎川岩体形成于443 Ma,属于志留纪兰多维列世岩浆活动的产物。样品属于高硅、富钾的高钾钙碱性花岗岩系列;其A/CNK值为1.04 ~ 1.39,显示过铝质花岗岩特征。样品微量元素显示亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti,富集Rb、Th、U、K、Pb等元素;轻稀土相对富集,强Eu负异常（δEu=0.27~0.74）。其具有低εNd(t)值（-8.4 ~ -9.8）、高（87Sr/86Sr）i值（0.478 83 ~ 0.723 64）、高104×Ga/Al（3.24 ~ 4.19）比值的特征。上述特征表明,黎川花岗岩属于A型岩浆岩范畴。元素和同位素地球化学特征显示,黎川过铝质A型花岗岩可能是前寒武纪变质沉积岩部分熔融的产物。结合华南早古生代武夷-云开造山运动的高级变质岩和花岗岩的年代学特征,笔者认为华南早古生代武夷地块自志留纪兰多维列世开始就从同碰撞环境转变为后碰撞伸展环境;该伸展环境可能是受到地壳迅速减薄,热地幔岩浆底侵导致造山带深部和壳幔相互熔融的影响。     

Differentiation and accumulation of fluids in A-type granites: Evidence from accessory mineral study

The Laoshan A-type granite is a highly evolved granite body. The study on accessory minerals indicates that there exist differentiation and accumulation of fluids during the late stage of evolution of the granite. The released fluids are rich in rare-earth elements (REE), high-fieldstrength elements (HFSE, such as Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Th, U, and Y) and volatiles (F, P, CO₂, etc.). Owing to the presence of fluid, accessory mineral assemblages have changed during the evolution of A-type granite, and are especially characterized by large amounts of independent REE-Nb-Y-Th minerals present in the late facies. Late-accumulation of fluids may be of the general feature of A-type granites, at least of highly evolved ones.     

Oxygen isotope evidence for two-stage water-rock interactions of the Nianzishan A-type granite in NE China

The oxygen isotope ratios of whole-rock, common rock-forming minerals and zircon from Mesozoic A-type granitic pluton at Nianzishan in northeastern China were analyzed by the conventional BrF5 method and the laser-probe technique, respectively. Both whole-rock and rock-forming minerals show large δ18O variations up to 5.5%. with significant oxygen isotope disequilibrium between zircon and the other minerals, whereas the δ18O values of zircon are tightly clustered between 3.12%. and 4.19%. and thus lower than the normal-mantle δ18O values. These results indicate that the Nianzishan A-type granite experienced two-stage water-rock interactions subsequentially. The remarkably low zircon δ18O values are genetically due to sea-water exchange with granite protolith in the first stage, and the oxygen isotope disequilibrium fractionations between zircon and rock-forming minerals are caused by meteoric-hydro thermal alteration in the second stage. It is inferred that the 18O-depleted A-type granitic magma was derived from partial melting of subducted lower oceanic crust which was isotopically exchanged with seawater at high temperatures. In the process of granite emplacement into the upper crust, meteoric-hydrothermal circulation was triggered to overprint crystallizing granite under subsolidus conditions.     

甘肃北山桥湾北花岗岩体的年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

为加深对北山晚古生代构造演化的认识, 选取位于甘肃北山南带、敦煌地块北缘的桥湾北花岗岩体进行年代学、地球化学研究。桥湾北角闪石花岗岩体锆石LA-ICP MS年龄为303.7±2.4 Ma, ε_Hf(t)为-1.2~5.8, ε_Nd(t)相对较高(-0.40~-0.06), (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i =(0.704524~0.705062)。 桥湾北花岗岩体K₂O含量为4.09%~5.58%, 属高钾钙碱性岩石, A/CNK值在0.92~1.04之间, 为I型花岗岩; 微量元素较富集LILE, 相对亏损HFSE, 有明显的Nb, Ta负异常。岩体具相对富集的微弱分馏的轻稀土元素, 重稀土元素分馏不明显, 基本没有Eu异常。由Hf, Nd同位素及地球化学特征判断, 桥湾北花岗岩体为壳幔混合成因, 其形式可以是底侵的幔源岩浆再分异, 上升过程中遭受地壳物质混染。根据区域构造背景及岩石学、地球化学特征, 可以认为桥湾北岩体是北山南带后碰撞过程岩浆活动的产物, 反映出在晚石炭世北山地区的碰撞拼贴已经完成。     

中天山彩霞山一带麻粒岩的发现和热力学研究

报道了在新疆中天山彩霞山一带元古代地层中发现麻粒岩.根据麻粒岩的主要组成矿物单斜辉石、斜方辉石、黑云母、斜长石、角闪石的电子探针分析结果,重点讨论了各主要造岩矿物的形成条件,并对麻粒岩形成的温压条件进行了初步计算.结果表明:麻粒岩形成经过两个阶段,麻粒岩形成于0.88～1.17 GPa,880～890℃条件下;角闪石-斜长石退变组合形成温度620～640℃,压力0.30～0.37 GPa.     

雾灵山A型花岗岩系的矿物学特征及成因意义

雾灵山杂岩体由似斑状碱长正长岩及其中的岩石包体、碱性石英正长斑岩、碱性石英正长岩等岩石组成，是冀北地区白垩纪岩浆活动的代表。本文以岩相学工作为基础，讨论了这些岩石中主要造岩矿物的结晶顺序和共生关系，报道了它们的成分特点和演化趋势，推测了不同矿物结晶时的温度、压力、氧逸度、含水量等生成状态和条件，并探讨了由它们所反映出的岩浆演化历史、特点和岩石成因系列归属问题。     

Discovery of granulite from the Fuping area in southern Qinling Mountains and its geological significance

Two-pyroxene-bearing granulites were discovered for the first time in the Hercynian-Indosinian metamorphic belt of the southern Qinling Mountains. The granulites occur in the lower part of the Fuping complex and are dominated by intermediate-acidic rocks intercalated with a small amount of bands and lenses of basic granulites. The main metamorphic minerals include orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, biotite, plagioclase and quartz, and orthopyroxenes are often retrogressively transformed into amphiboles. The metamorphic conditions have been estimated to be %T%=720-780℃ and %P%=0.6 GPa. The granulite-bearing Fuping complex probably belongs to early Proterozoic in age. Whether it occurs as the crystalline basement of the southern Qinling Hercynian-Indosinian orogenic belt or as a thrusted slice in the collisional process needs further study.     

Zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotope of Quanyishang A-type granite in Yichang: signification for the Yangtze continental cratonization in Paleoproterozoic

Zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotope, and major and trace element compositions were reported for granite at Quanyishang, which intruded into the Kongling complex in Yichang, Hubei Province. The results show that the Quanyishang granite is rich in silicon and alkalis but poor in calcium and magnesium, and displays enrichment in Ga, Y, Zr, Nb but depletion in Sr and Ba, exhibiting the post-orogenic A-type affinity. 90% zircons from the granite are concordant, and give a middle Paleoproterozoic magmatic crystallization age (mean 1854 Ma). Initial Hf isotope ratios (176Hf/177Hf)i of the middle Paleoproterozoic zircons range from 0.280863 to 0.281134 and they have negative eHf(t) values with a minimum of -26.3. These zircons give the depleted mantle model ages (TDM) of 2.9―3.3 Ga (mean 3.0 Ga), and the average crustal model ages (Tcrust) of 3.6―4.2 Ga (mean 3.8 Ga). A Mesoarchean grain with 207Pb/206Pb age of 2859 Ma has a slightly high TDM (3.4 Ga) but similar Tcrust (3.8 Ga) to the Paleoproterozoic zircons. All these data suggest that the source materials of the Quanyishang A-type granite are unusually old, at least ≥2.9 Ga (even Eoarchean). The event of crustal remelting, which resulted in the formation of the Quanyishang granite in the middle Paleoproterozoic, recorded the cratonization of the Yangtze conti-nent. The process may have relation to the extension and collapse of the deep crust with Archean ages, in response to the transition stage of the assembly and breakup of the Columbia supercontinent.