均匀化处理对7A52铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用硬度、电导率测量、金相和高温原位X射线衍射分析技术研究不同均匀化处理条件下7A52铝合金组织与性能的变化规律，着重讨论不同均匀化处理条件下合金的物相组成及其演变、基体固溶体固溶度的变化与合金硬度和电导率的关系。研究结果表明：铸态合金由α-Al过饱和固溶体及少量平衡相MgZn2组成；在均匀化处理过程中，铸态合金显微组织结构发生了2个方面的变化：一方面，在300℃以下均匀化，过饱和固溶体分解，析出MgZn2平衡相；在400℃以上均匀化，上述平衡相又逐步回溶到基体固溶体中；另一方面，在400℃以上均匀化，铸态合金枝晶组织和枝晶间粗大的平衡相随均匀化温度的升高而逐步消失，与此同时，铸态合金的硬度先降低然后升高，电导率则先升高然后降低。这种性能的变化与铸态合金的组织结构变化一一对应。7A52合金铸锭适宜的均匀化处理工艺为470℃／24h。     

热变形参数对铸态高强铝合金微观组织的影响

文中采用Gleeble-1500D热力模拟试验机对具有铸态初始组织的新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强铝合金试样进行了热压缩试验,分析了热变形参数对该合金铸态组织在热变形过程中演变的影响。研究结果表明,热变形过程中,铸态树枝晶粒组织在热变形过程中变形拉长的同时,晶内树枝晶界在高温压缩扩散的作用下逐渐消失,转变为均匀的晶粒组织;析出相逐渐溶入基体组织;合适的热变形参数条件下,可以获得均匀的锻态组织。     

均匀化退火对AZ31B镁合金组织与性能的影响

AZ31B镁合金铸态组织晶界处存在粗大的"骨骼"状Mg17Al12相以及凝固过程中产生的成分偏析,严重影响了铸锭的成形性能.为改善其成形性能,对铸态试样进行了均匀化退火试验,其保温温度为380,400,420 ℃以及保温时间为6,15,24 h.均匀化退火后Mg17Al12相呈细小的颗粒状分布在α-Mg基体上,枝晶偏析大部分得到消除,镁合金的塑性得到改善.根据均匀化退火后的组织与性能变化确定了最佳的退火工艺为400 ℃×15 h.     

5383铝合金铸锭偏析行为及均匀化制度的研究

采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）,研究了铸态5383铝合金的元素偏析行为及均匀化制度对其微观组织演变的影响.研究结果表明：铸态5383铝合金组织中Mg、Cu和Mn等元素偏析严重,晶界处有大量网状分布的难溶金属间相;均匀化处理后,非平衡共晶相和难溶金属间相发生回溶,晶粒长大并球化,Mg、Cu和Mn等元素偏析程度减小,同时在位错和晶界附近有大量细小析出相;结合试验及均匀化动力学方程计算结果,得到试验合金的最佳均匀化工艺为480~490℃退火24 h,过烧温度为506℃.     

铸态Mg-5.0Y-3.0Nd-0.5Zr合金组织和力学性能研究

对Mg-5.OY-3.ONd-0.5Zr镬合金进行熔铸和不同温度的均匀化退火.测试该合金的室温拉伸力学性能.并采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜等方法观察铸态和均匀化退火态组织.结果表明,添加稀土元素能使镁合金的铸态组织得到细化,Nd和Y分别以Mg41 Nd5和Mg24 Y化合物形式存在,均匀化退火后,试验合金抗拉强度和伸长率得到提高.其中450℃的均匀化退火效果最好,合金的抗拉强度比铸态时的提高了18.6%,塑性提高了3.5%.     

铸态和锻态高强铝合金热变形组织的演变

采用Gleeble-1500D热力模拟试验机对具有铸态和预锻态初始组织的新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强铝合金试样进行了热压缩试验,分析了该合金铸态和锻态初始组织在热变形过程中的演变。研究结果表明,高温低应变速率条件下,铸态树枝晶粒在热压缩变形拉长的同时,晶内树枝晶界在高温压缩扩散的作用下逐渐消失,转变为粗大均匀且变形拉长的晶粒组织。当压缩变形量很大时,剧烈拉长的晶粒将通过几何动态再结晶得到细化。预锻态试样压缩过程中,适当的温度和应变速率条件下即可发生动态再结晶,形成细小均匀的再结晶新晶粒。     

Si含量对高强高韧7050铝合金组织和力学性能的影响

通过熔炼制备8种不同杂质Si含量的7050铝合金,研究了Si含量从0.033%~0.491%的变化对7050铝合金组织和力学性能的影响规律.结果表明：当Si含量增加至0.134%时,合金铸态组织中出现明显的粗大富Si杂质相,并且随Si含量增加,富Si杂质相含量增多;粗大富Si杂质相在均匀化退火、热挤压以及固溶处理过程中都难以溶解,残留在时效态合金组织中;当Si含量增加至0.134%时,时效态合金的室温拉伸强度和塑性明显提高;在Si含量高于0.344%后,Si含量的增加使合金的室温拉伸强度、塑性和断裂韧性都显著降低.为获得最佳的室温强度和塑性,7050铝合金的Si含量应控制在0.121%~0.134%,但要获得更好的断裂韧性,需进一步降低合金中Si含量.     

钇对2519铝合金铸态组织的影响

采用X射线、光学显微镜及扫描电镜等研究质量分数为0～0.3%的钇对2519铝合金铸态组织的影响.研究结果表明:添加0.1%的钇后2519铝合金的铸态组织明显细化,铸态晶粒尺寸由100μm减少到70μm;但当钇含量超过0.1%时,合金的铸态组织随着钇含量的增加又逐渐粗化;当钇含量为0.3%时,合金铸态晶粒尺寸达200μm左右;钇加入2519铝合金中主要形成Al6Cu6Y稀土化合物并沿晶界分布;钇改变了合金铸态中第二相的形貌及大小,加入适量的钇(0.1%)对2519铝合金铸态中的第二相具有球化和细化作用.     

超高强7055铝合金均匀化处理制度研究

对7055铝合金铸锭进行不同均匀化处理制度的模拟分析,得出最优均匀化处理参数,分析不同均匀化处理制度后7055铝合金铸锭力学性能、硬度、金相组织和电导率。研究结果表明：经过260 ℃×1 h+430 ℃×2 h+470 ℃×15 h均匀化处理制度后,7055铝合金铸锭的抗拉强度、屈服强度和硬度较低,伸长率较高,有利于后续的塑性成形加工,使得加工后合金内应力消除更彻底,组织更均匀;边部、中部组织中未溶第二相绝大部分回溶于基体,心部组织存在少量第二相,回溶更加充分,均匀化效果良好,与模拟分析结果相吻合;电导率更小,电阻率更大,即过饱和程度相对更大,均匀化效果更明显。     

高强铝合金快速固溶工艺研究

固溶工艺是制约高强铝合金力学性能和热处理生产率的主要因素．本文以7075铝合金为例通过高温预热装炉、分级固溶等方法研究了高强度铝合金的快速固溶工艺．并结合金相组织观察和力学性能测试，分析了快速固溶对高强铝合金组织和力学性能的影响．结果表明：①固溶时间相同时，分级固溶的强度高于单级固溶的强度，分级固溶的塑性略低于单级固溶的塑性．②分级固溶时，随着二级固溶时间的增加，材料的强度增加，塑性略有降低．③采用500℃高温预热装炉、470℃／5min＋485℃／9min固溶和140℃／6h＋150℃（2／1h时效明显缩短热处理时间，提高生产率，同时力学性能仍然达到了常规热处理的水平．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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