Research and design of the main equipments and structure of Xiangjiaba shiplift

The type of pinion and rack vertical shiplifts has been developed in recent a couple of years in the construction of dams. But the design methods and methodologies have rarely been discussed in literature. The Xiangjiaba shiplift is the second shiplift of this type following the Three Gorges shiplift. Being aimed at the technological rationality of the design in synthetically considering security, economy and applicability, this paper presents the research results of some vital issues relating the design of the Xiangjiaba shiplift, including the determination of design water depth of ship chamber based on fluid numeral computation and physical model test, the optimum design of general layout of main equipments and the civil structure of the Xiangjiaba shiplift, the finite element method （FEM） analysis of stress, vibration modes and the buckling of ship chamber, antiseismic research and the design of structures and mechanisms of the shiplift and the optimum design of driving mechanisms. This research provides the theoretical basis for the design of the Xiangjiaba shiplift. The design principles and research methods are valuable for the design of the same type of shiplifts.     

The Simple Analysis on Motivation and Attitude in Tertiary College Students' English Study

In psycholinguistics, motivation and attitude have much effect on students＇ English study. Because there are different individuals among students, different students have different study motivations and attitudes. Directed against these individuals in tertiary colleges, we formulate different methods to help students study English well.     

Distribution and origin of high magnetic anomalies at Luobusa Ophiolite in Southern Tibet

The Luobusa Ophiolite,Southern Tibet,lies in the eastern portion of Indus–Yarlung Zangbo suture zone that separates Eurasia from the Indian continent.An aeromagnetic reconnaissance survey has revealed an EWtrending Yarlung Zangbo River aeromagnetic anomaly zone,and it is considered to be caused mainly by the Indus–Yarlung Zangbo Ophiolite.The Luobusa Ophiolite reflects the eastern portion of the Yarlung Zangbo River aeromagnetic anomaly zone.Conventionally,the ultramafic rock in the Luobusa Ophiolite is considered as the origin of the high magnetic anomalies.However,results from the surface magnetic survey and the magnetic susceptibility measurements from drill cores indicate that the high magnetic anomalies are distributed inhomogeneously in the Luobusa Ophiolite.In some cases,the susceptibility exhibits more than 30 times difference between two sides of the same sample.A fact emerged that the susceptibility of dunite with serpentinization is higher than that of fresh dunite,harzburgite and chromite when we analyzed the measurement results.In order to understand the origin of the high magnetic anomalies,we measured the density and susceptibility of 17 samples,microscopic and electron probe analyses have been performed as well.The result indicates the presence of dunite with serpentinization containing an abundant of micro-fissures filled with magnetite.Olivine has a susceptibility of about 2.7–351(910-5SI),pyroxene about 16–320,and chromite about200–800.All these units feature relatively low susceptibility in ultramafic rock,and only the magnetite is characterized by a high susceptibility of about 200,000(910-5SI).Based on these observations,we conclude that the precipitation of magnetite in the process of serpentinization of the olivine caused by the geological process in the Luobusa Ophiolite is the origin of high magnetic anomalies.     

How to Distinguish Ambiguity and Vagueness

This thesis mainly deals with the problem about ambiguity and vagueness through the example of ‘case＇. The tests of ＂do so identity＂ and ＂sense relation＂ will be used here to illustrate the distinction of them.     

Anomalous top-quark coupling effects in rare B and K decays

The Large Hadron Collider at CERN is performing direct searches for top-quark anomalous flavor-changing neutral current （FCNC） processes. However, these processes may be correlated closely with the low-energy rare B and K meson decays. In this paper, we review the anomalous top-quark coupling effects in these low-energy flavor transitions, summarize the flavor constraints and discuss their implications for direct detection of top-FCNC processes at the Large Hadron Collider.     

Safety analysis and control of blasting mining area adjacent to infrastructure

Systematic analysis of influence of blasting vibration on bridges, tunnels, slopes and the mechanical relationships between each other were drawn based on the example of safety argument between blasting mining area and protected objects. The safety argument methods and technological means of controlling dangerous and harmful factors were proposed by the application of principle of risk analysis. And standard control system was established based on controlling the blasting parameters of division of blasting area.     

Research and Practice of Dynamic Network Security Architecture for IaaS Platforms

Network security requirements based on virtual network technologies in IaaS platforms and corresponding solutions were reviewed.A dynamic network security architecture was proposed,which was built on the technologies of software defined networking,Virtual Machine(VM)traffic redirection,network policy unified management,software defined isolation networks,vulnerability scanning,and software updates.The proposed architecture was able to obtain the capacity for detection and access control for VM traffic by redirecting it to configurable security appliances,and ensured the effectiveness of network policies in the total life cycle of the VM by configuring the policies to the right place at the appropriate time,according to the impacts of VM state transitions.The virtual isolation domains for tenants’VMs could be built flexibly based on VLAN policies or Netfilter/Iptables firewall appliances,and vulnerability scanning as a service and software update as a service were both provided as security supports.Through cooperation with IDS appliances and automatic alarm mechanisms,the proposed architecture could dynamically mitigate a wide range of network-based attacks.The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture.     

Equilibrium between titanium ions and high-purity titanium electrorefining in a NaCl-KCl melt

TiCl_x (x = 2.17) was prepared by using titanium sponge to reduce the concentration of TiCl₄ in a NaCl-KCl melt under negative pressure. The as-prepared NaCl-KCl-TiCl_x melt was employed as the electrolyte, and two parallel crude titanium plates and one high-purity titanium plate were used as the anode and cathode, respectively. A series of electrochemical tests were performed to investigate the influence of electrolytic parameters on the current efficiency and quality of cathodic products. The results indicated that the quality of cathodic products was related to the current efficiency, which is significantly dependent on the current density and the initial concentration of titanium ions. The significance of this study is the attainment of high-purity titanium with a low oxygen content of 30×10-6.     

Measurement and characteristics of ground vibration caused by blasting demolition of urban overpass

To analyze the characteristics of ground vibration caused by blasting demolition of urban overpass, in this paper we introduced the measurement method and then studied the characteristics of recorded ground vi- brations. Through the analysis of peak acceleration, peak frequency and duration, results indicated that the ver- tical component of vibration is the most important in the region close to the collapse point; the collapse of bridge segments will lead to superposition of ground vibration, and isolation measures can reduce the peak ac- celeration but increase the duration of vibration; blasting and collapse vibration cause no damage to the re- served structure which indicates that blastin~ demolition is a safe and effective method.     

Pollen-inferred Holocene vegetation and climate histories in Taro Co,southwestern Tibetan Plateau

A 310-cm-long sediment core, covering the last 10,200 years, was collected from Taro Co on the south- western Tibetan Plateau and analyzed for pollen, grain size and total inorganic carbon content. The pollen data showed that vegetation changed from alpine steppe to alpine meadow during 10,200-8,900 cal a BP, to alpine steppe dominated by Artemisia during 8,900-7,400 cal a BP, to alpine meadow during 7,400-3,300 cal a BP and to alpine steppe after 3,300 cal a BP. Correspondingly, the pollen, grain size and total inorganic carbon content results revealed climatic change in this area over four stages. The initial stage was from 10,200 to 8,900 cal a BP, during which the climate changed from cold-dry to warm-humid. The second stage （8,900-7,400 cal a BP） was characterized by a warm and dry climate. However, at approximately 7,400 cal a BP, the climate began to become cold andhumid, which continued until 3,300 cal a BP. The last stage, from 3,300 cal a BP to present, was characterized as cold and increasingly arid. Climatic events of the early and mid-late Holocene showed that the area was significantly affected by the westerlies. However, the mid-Holocene climate in Taro Co was controlled by the Indian monsoon. The mid-late Holocene depositional environment record of Taro Co was very important to further elaborate the degree of influence by the westerlies or Indian monsoon.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X80 HTP Pipeline Steel Produced by Steckel Mill

The demand for energy becomes a bottleneck in development of China. Economically delivering natural gas and oil through pipeline is an urgent problem to be solved. In the present work, X80 pipeline steel with high toughness and thickness 21.0 mm was produced through HTP （ High Temperature Processing） by Steckel mill rolling. And the microstructure and mechanical properties of the X80 pipeline steel, which produced by different processing parameters such as reheating temperature of slabs, resume temperature, finishing temperature, accelerated cooling exit temperature and cooling rate, were analyzed. The results show that finishing temperature of 800 - 820℃ and cooling rate above 20℃/s are necessary to obtain fine and uniform acicular ferrite with high solute niobium in XS0 pipeline steel.     

On the Functions of Euphemism in Social Communication

In the process of social linguistic communication, due to the different circumstances and conditions, people can not express certain things clearly in a direct way when they come across something painful, unpleasant, disgusted and even embarrassing. Instead, they have to use some vague, implicit, mild and euphemistic expressions, so as to achieve the purpose of expressing feelings and exchanging ideas and thoughts in an appropriate and light atmosphere. This paper tries to deal with the application of euphemisms in various fields, thereby reveal some main functions of euphemism, i.e. avoidance function, politeness function, gloss-over function and disguise function.     

Ophelia—— An Innocent and Obedient Girl

The writer analyzed the personalities of Ophelia in The Tragedy of Harnlet, Prince of Denmark through the words of her and her father and brother.     

Observations of thermospheric vector wind over Yellow River Station during auroral substorm events

Strong disturbances associated with auroral substorms originate from the ionosphere-magnetosphere owing to the effects of the solar wind, and the wind field in the ionosphere is related to such substorm activity. Here, we describe the analysis of four auroral substorm events, for which we employed an all-sky Fabry-Perot interferometer to observe the two-dimensional horizontal wind field and combined the results with data from an all-sky charge-coupled device imager, a fluxgate magnetometer installed at Yellow River Station, and the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network. The results demonstrate that, during auroral substorms, the vector wind field is related closely to variations in the ion drift and geomagnetic field. Moreover, we observed a changing wind field of approximately 300 rn/s in response to variations in the electric and magnetic fields （likely caused by ion drag） and a disturbance of about 200 m/s that we attribute to the interaction of Joule heating and ion drag.     

Scientific big data and Digital Earth

Big data has been a focus of research in sci- ence, technology, economics, and social studies. Many countries have already incorporated big data research into their national strategies. This paper elaborates upon the origin, connotation, and development of big data from both a spatial and temporal perspective. It proposes that scien- tific big data will become a new solution in scientific research as the paradigm changes from being model-driven to data-driven. This paper defines the concept of ＂scientific big data＂ and proposes strategies for solving ＂big data problems＂. Theoretical frameworks and data systems for Digital Earth are discussed with a clear conclusion that scientific big data is a prominent feature of Digital Earth. As an example, spatial cognition of the formation mecha- nism of China＇s Heihe-Tengchong Line--a geo-demo- graphic demarcation line dividing China into two parts--is discussed within the context of big data computation and analysis for Digital Earth.     

Kinetics of blue-green light-induced state transition and fluorescence quenching in the wild-type cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 and apcD − and apcF − mutants

State transition and blue-green light-induced fluorescence quenching are two short-term processes in cyanobacteria. The details of their kinetics and the relationship between these processes have not been elucidated. In this work, these two processes were studied in the wildtype cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 cells as well as in apcD^- and apcF^- mutants by monitoring their time- dependent 77 K fluorescence responses to blue-green light （430-540 nm） at a series of intensities ranging from 20-800 μE m^-2 s^-1. The lowest light intensity to induce fluorescence quenching in wild-type cells was 160 μE m^-2 s^-1 under the selected experimental conditions, while state transition took place at the intensities lower than 160 μE m^-2 s^-1 at a conservative level, but at variable rates. The quenching level increased at intensities higher than 160 μE m^-2 s^-1, reaching the maximum level at intensities equal to or higher than 200 μEm^-2 s^-1. Fluorescence kinetics indicated that both the length of the induction period and time required to reach the maximum level were functions of light intensity. State transitions as well as fluorescence quenching took place in both wildtype and mutant cells, but might involve different mechanisms.     

4 K high frequency pulse tube cryocooler used for terahertz space application

Terahertz(THz) frequency region, defined from0.1 to 10 THz, is an important frequency band for radio astronomy and atmospheric science. As NbN Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor(SIS) mixers used for terahertz detection, which are studied by the Purple Mountain Observatory(PMO), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), work at 8–10 K, and require condition of micro vibrations, its astronomical observation in aerospace is limited by suitable refrigeration method. 4 K high frequency pulse tube cryocooler developed by Key Laboratory of Space Energy Conversion Technologies(SECT), Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry(TIPC), CAS, offers an opportunity for the application of SIS mixers. This article introduces the progress of the two-stage high frequency pulse tube cryocooler researched by TIPC. The cryocooler has reached a no load temperature of 4.5 K which is the lowest temperature for this kind of cryocooler reported so far. The successful coupling between the THz component and the high frequency pulse tube cryocooler lays a solid foundation for space detection in the terahertz band.     

Entransy: its physical basis,applications and limitations

In this paper, the physical basis and application conditions of the entransy theory are reviewed and discussed. Entransy can be obtained from the analogy between heat and electrical conductions. It is a state value and the‘‘potential energy’’ of heat. From the viewpoint of thermomass, it reflects the thermal energy of the thermomass in an object. Furthermore, it was also related to the microstate number and is a single value function of the microstate number. The concepts of entransy, entransy flux and entransy dissipation can be used to express the least action of heat transfer. The entransy balance equations for heat transfer and thermodynamic processes and their applications to thermal systems are also reviewed. The differences between the entransy theory, constructal theory, entropy generation minimization, exergy analyses method, principle of uniformity of temperature difference field and field synergy（coordination） principle are also discussed. The entransy theory is different from the other discussed theories. The limitations of the entransy theory are also discussed.     

Fabrication and Properties of Microencapsulated n-octadecane and Paraffin

Microencapsulated n-alkanes as energy- storage materials have promising application prospects. The ndcrocapsules containing 100 - 50 wt% of n - octadecane, 0 -20 wt% of paraffin and 0 - 30 wt% of cyclohexane were synthesized by in-situ polymerization using melamine- formaldehyde polymer as shell. Cyclohexane was removed after heat-treated the microcapsules at 100℃. The morphologies, cell parameters, phase change properties, thermal stable temperatures of these microcapsules were examined. The diameters of these microcapsules are lower than 5 μm. The effect of paraffin in the microcapsules on the cell parameters of n-octadecane is negligible. The paraff＇m is effectively used as a nucleating agent to decrease the degree of supercooling. The melting enthalpy is decreased from 132 J/g to 111 J/g due to the increase of the cyclohexane contents. The thermal stable temperature is enhanced 6 - 16℃ after heat-treated the microcapsules at 160℃ for 30 min.     

Impact of gamma radiation and salinity on growth and K^＋/Na^＋ balance in two populations of Medicago sativa （L.） cultivar Gabbs

The perennial Medicago sativa cv. Gabes is widely grown on saline soils in Tunisian oases. Morphological and physiological analyses of two populations （Mareth and Gannouch） were conducted in order to study the effect of salinity and gamma radiation （350 Gy） interaction on two populations of this species. It has been shown that the two irradiated populations of Medicago sativa are fairly tolerant to salt at growth phase compared to the non-irradiated. Exposure to gamma irradiation （350 Gy）, alone or in combination with salt stress, increased significantly （p 〈 0.001） shoot number, stem height and chlorophyll b pigment especially for the Gannouch population, while no change occurred for the Mareth population. The presence of salt to 9 g/1 affected significantly the root biomass and induced a reduction of shoot development of both control and irradiated alfalfa populations. For all treatments, plants of two populations remained able to produce and to allocate dry matter to the different organs. The survey of Na^＋/K^＋ ratio showed that the growth of the aerial organs of two non-irradiated populations was at least determined by a selectivity in favour of the K^＋ ions （r^2 = 0.97 and r^2 = 0.59 for Mareth and Gannouch non-irradiated populations, respectively）. However, the rather weak correlation detected for the irradiated populations, particularly for the irradiated Gannouch, seems to be the consequence of the effect of irradiation that improved potassium availability, essential element for growth and development. Results also showed that the two irradiated populations, especially the Mareth, accumulated Na^＋ ions in its photosynthetic organs. This accumulation was associated with an improvement of foliar water content at a level of salinity around 5 g/1. Such a mechanism reflects probably an inclusive behaviour of the plants and a good aptitude to use the dominant ions （Na^＋） for the osmotic adjustment. However, the non-irradiated populations are unable to adjust their internal os