批实验中土壤对阿特拉津吸附的差异性研究

通过大量的批实验来确定阿特拉津在不同土壤样本中的吸附参数,并对各土壤特性与吸附参数的相关性进行统计分析．结果表明,吸附参数仅与土壤有机碳含量极显著正相关,超过80％的阿特拉津吸附参数的空间差异可由土壤有机碳含量的空间差异来解释;吸附参数服从正态分布．方差分析表明,阿特拉津在土壤中的吸附表现出很强的空间差异,在不同地点的阿特拉津吸附参数无显著区别,而在不同的深度差别显著．     

新制和老化微塑料对土壤阿特拉津消减的影响

为了探明老化前后微塑料对土壤中阿特拉津消减的影响，选取了新制和老化聚乙烯(PE和APE)微塑料，对其性质进行了表征；研究了它们对阿特拉津的吸附行为；考察了有无蚯蚓情况下土壤和孔隙水中阿特拉津浓度以及菌群结构对微塑料添加(0.2%和2%，质量比)的响应．在此基础上，探究了这两种微塑料对土壤中阿特拉津消减的影响与机制．结果表明：(1)这两种微塑料对阿特拉津的吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型(R²=0.96～0.97);APE对阿特拉津的吸附能力(lgK_f=1.29)略高于PE(lgK_f=1.27)，与老化前后PE表面极性的变化有关；(2)蚯蚓是影响土壤菌群结构的主要因素，而且蚯蚓存在时微塑料对菌群结构的影响更显著；添加蚯蚓使土壤中阿特拉津优势降解菌的相对丰度提高了8%～171%，并且优势降解菌相对丰度的增幅与微塑料老化和添加量有关；(3)这两种微塑料通过吸附抑制土壤中阿特拉津释放到孔隙水中，从而降低了阿特拉津的消减率(降幅在10%～67%之间)；相反，蚯蚓通过提高土壤降解菌的相对丰度，促进了阿特拉津的消减(消减率的增幅...     

UV及UV-H2O2工艺降解阿特拉津的研究

采用紫外（UV）光解工艺及紫外-双氧水（UV—H2o2）联用工艺去除饮用水中内分泌干扰物——阿特拉津，研究了不同影响因素对阿特拉津降解效果的影响，试验结果表明：单独UV光解对阿特拉津有较好的去除效果，阿特拉津光解过程符合-级反应动力学模型．通过提高紫外光辐射强度，可以在短时间内提高阿特拉津的去除率．自来水中有机物及多种离子的存在，会降低阿特拉津的光解速率．UV-H2O2联用工艺对阿特拉津的去除具有协同作用．提高双氧水的初始质量浓度，可以提高光激发氧化反应的速率．辐射强度对阿特拉津降解效果的影响大于双氧水投加量的影响，增加辐射强度比增加双氧水质量浓度更有利于提高阿特拉津的降解速率．     

黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)厚垣孢子降解阿特拉津的探究

阿特拉津(atrazine)是一类普遍存在于环境中且难降解的污染物.本文探究了黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)厚垣孢子对阿特拉津降解的最佳条件,包括温度、摇床转速、初始培养基pH及接种量.并在大田土壤盆栽实验中,研究P.chrysosporium厚垣孢子和土壤土著微生物对土壤中阿特拉津的降解情况.结果表明:P.chrysosporium厚垣孢子可以有效去除阿特拉津,在33℃、转速为180r·min~(-1)、pH值为7.0、接种量是4g·L~(-1)时,去除效果最好,去除率达90.77%.土壤盆栽实验结果表明:施用P.chrysosporium厚垣孢子28d后,非灭菌土壤中阿特拉津去除率为97.8%,其中P.chrysosporium的降解贡献最为突出,去除能力为59.3%.而土著土壤微生物的去除率仅为20.7%,表明P.chrysosporium厚垣孢子对AT降解效果明显.     

一株阿特拉津高效降解菌株的筛选和降解特性研究

从农药厂地下管道污泥中分离出一株阿特拉津降解菌株y-2,可以以阿特拉津为唯一氮源生长．,在加入乳酸的以阿特拉津为唯一氮源（8g／L）的基本培养基中,y-2菌能在36h内使阿特拉津降解90％以上．通过设计单因素实验和正交实验找出该菌降解阿特拉津的最佳降解条件为pH7．4,乳酸浓度6g／L,温度30℃．     

阿特拉津降解菌株Alclegenes sp.SG1的分离鉴定和降解特性研究

用富集培养法,从农药厂的工业废水中分离到降解除草剂阿特拉津的SG1菌株,经16S rRNA基因序列分析,该菌株被鉴定为产碱杆菌(Alcalegenes sp.).Alcalegenes sp.SG1能以葡萄搪、果糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、丙酮酸钠或柠檬酸钠为碳源,以阿特拉津为唯一氮源生长,将阿特拉津完全矿化.PCR分析表明,SG1菌株含有阿特拉津降解基因atzA、atzB、atzC和trzD.生物降解实验表明,与模式菌株Pseudomonas sp.ADP不同,额外加入氮源NH4Cl或KNO3,并不影响SG1菌株对阿特拉津的降解,30℃震荡培养16 h后阿特拉津降解率在98%以上,这一特性使其成为应用于阿特拉津污染土壤生物修复的优良候选菌株.     

珍珠岩-磷酸化聚乙烯醇生物材料的制备及其降解阿特拉津特性

 阿特拉津因其普遍性、高污染性和难降解性一直是历年来的研究热点.其降解方法很多,其中基于阿特拉津降解菌、生物固定化和一些无机材料的生物降解是最有效的.本文利用磷酸交联剂对聚乙烯醇(PVA)进行改性,以珍珠岩作为添加介质,对阿特拉津降解菌——Pseudomonas W4包埋固定,制备出一种新型珍珠岩-磷酸化聚乙烯醇(PPVA)生物活性材料(简称珍珠岩-PPVA),并对其最佳制备条件以及在不同反应条件下该材料降解阿特拉津的效果进行探讨.该材料最佳制备条件为,珍珠岩(粒径为0.60~2.00mm)/10% PVA(V/V)=35/65,Pseudomonas W4包埋量1.0g/L,磷酸盐浓度1.25mol/L;外加碳源、磷源能够促进其降解阿特拉津;珍珠岩-PPVA在pH值为5.99~9.03时具有较好的降解效果,其抗酸碱能力优于游离W4菌.说明珍珠岩-PPVA可有效去除阿特拉津,可以作为新型材料加以深入研究应用于废水或土壤中阿特拉津降解.     

传质对土壤微生物燃料电池的产电性能及阿特拉津降解的影响

构造以阿特拉津为目标污染物的土壤微生物燃料电池,通过向土壤中添加不同的介质改变传质条件,以及构造阴极水层改变阴极含氧量来对比不同条件下土壤微生物燃料电池(MFC)的产电性能和阿特拉津的降解率.结果发现:导体介质可以促进质子和离子在土壤中的传递,增强了电极抗极化能力,添加较大粒径活性炭的土壤MFC产生的最大功率密度为0.020 8 W/m2,同时获得最小总内阻为693Ω;阴极淹水降低了土壤电解质溶液的电导率,使得欧姆内阻增大为1 054Ω;增强传质可以促进土壤M FC中生物电化学作用,进而影响阿特拉津的降解,其中添加导体介质的土壤MFC取得较高的降解率;阴极覆水所形成完全厌氧的阳极环境同样对阿特拉津在土壤MFC的降解具有促进作用.     

土壤阿特拉津的生物修复机制的研究

阿特拉津主要用于一年生禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草的防除,由于其成本低、除草效果好,已迅速在世界范围内广泛使用。阿特拉津不易降解,在环境中持留时间长,频繁使用会污染农田土壤及周围水体,对生态环境和人类健康产生威胁。环境中的微生物种类基数大,容易异变,适应能力强,生物降解因具有高效、成本低,无二次污染的优点而成为研究的焦点。文章运用稳定性同位素探针技术(SIP)与各种分子生物学手段结合,展望了同位素探针技术在鉴定降解有机污染物的功能菌方面的前景。     

阿特拉津对土壤吸附铜的影响

采用批量平衡法研究了铜在土壤中的吸附行为,探讨了阿特拉津与铜共存对铜吸附性能的影响。结果表明:铜与阿特拉津共存时,准二级吸附动力学方程可以很好地描述铜的吸附速率,Freundlich吸附等温线方程比较理想地描述了铜的吸附行为(R20.99);随着阿特拉津浓度的增加,土壤溶液中溶解性有机碳的含量下降,K f和n增大,土壤表面电位变化不明显,土壤溶液pH值显著升高。阿特拉津与铜共存增强了土壤对铜的吸附能力。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that