Leukocyte mobilization from the guinea pig spleen by muscarinic cholinergic stimulation

Important interactions between the immune system and the nervous and endocrine systems have become increasingly accepted. The present results demonstrate that the cholinergic agonist carbacholine greatly increased the number of granulocytes and lymphocytes in the splenic venous blood, but not arterial blood, shortly after administration to guinea pigs. The effect was largely blocked by pretreatment with atropine. In contrast, animals treated with indomethacin had a decreased number of leukocytes in both splenic venous and arterial blood. A decrease in relative splenic weight due to carbacholine treatment was also blocked by atropine. However, cholinergic leukocyte mobilization, or that previously observed after adrenergic stimulation, may not be caused by capsule contraction since it is not accompanied by mobilization of erythrocytes. Furthermore, indomethacin, which potentiates the response of splenic smooth muscle to adrenergic stimuli, blocked the effect of noradrenaline (NA) on leukocyte mobilization.     

Leukocyte mobilization from the guinea pig spleen by muscarinic cholinergic stimulation

Important interactions between the immune system and the nervous and endocrine systems have become increasingly accepted. The present results demonstrate that the cholinergic agonist carbacholine greatly increased the number of granulocytes and lymphocytes in the splenic venous blood, but not arterial blood, shortly after administration to guinea pigs. The effect was largely blocked by pretreatment with atropine. In contrast, animals treated with indomethacin had a decreased number of leukocytes in both splenic venous and arterial blood. A decrease in relative splenic weight due to carbacholine treatment was also blocked by atropine. However, cholinergic leukocyte mobilization, or that previously observed after adrenergic stimulation, may not be caused by capsule contraction since it is not accompanied by mobilization of erythrocytes. Furthermore, indomethacin, which potentiates the response of splenic smooth muscle to adrenergic stimuli, blocked the effect of noradrenaline (NA) on leukocyte mobilization.     

Serum antiheparin activity in chronic renal failure

Zusammenfassung Die Antiheparinaktivität des Blutserums bei Personen mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz erweist sich statistisch gesichert niedriger als bei Gesunden (P<0,001). Der Befund scheint auf einen Zusammenhang mit dem funktionellen Zustand der Thrombocyten hinzuweisen.     

Liver function during chronic renal failure in rabbits

In rabbits with chronic renal insufficiency the prothrombin index was increased by 25% and the alanine aminotransferase activity decreased by 20%; the results of other routine tests of hepatic function were not affected. The galactose elimination capacity was decreased by 12%, whereas the body clearance of antipyrine was unchanged. No change in hepatocytic structure was found.     

Liver function during chronic renal failure in rabbits

Summary In rabbits with chronic renal insufficiency the prothrombin index was increased by 25% and the alanine aminotransferase activity decreased by 20%; the results of other routine tests of hepatic function were not affected. The galactose elimination capacity was decreased by 12%, whereas the body clearance of antipyrine was unchanged. No change in hepatocytic structure was found.     

Evidence that methylguanidine is retained in chronic renal failure

Riassunto La cromatografia su carta ha permesso di accertare che la metilguanidina è presente nel sangue umano normale ed è trattenuta negli uremici in cui rappresenta la quasi totalità del materiale Sakaguchi positivo.

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Supported by the Italian National Research Council (C.N.R. Roma).     

Metabolic implications in the elevation of serum activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in chronic renal failure

Summary The activity of intestinal isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase was evaluated in 21 non-dialyzed patients with advanced renal failure and in 52 patients on regular hemodialysis. In patients without hepatopathy, a significant inverse correlation was found between the enzyme activity and serum calcium levels. Hepatopathy was the most significant variable influencing the enzyme activity in patients on dialysis. Secondary hyperparathyroidism and a decreased rate in enzyme elimination should be assessed for the above-normal activities of intestinal ALP in serum in chronic renal failure.     

Metabolic implications in the elevation of serum activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in chronic renal failure

The activity of intestinal isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase was evaluated in 21 non-dialyzed patients with advanced renal failure and in 52 patients on regular hemodialysis. In patients without hepatopathy, a significant inverse correlation was found between the enzyme activity and serum calcium levels. Hepatopathy was the most significant variable influencing the enzyme activity in patients on dialysis. Secondary hyperparathyroidism and a decreased rate in enzyme elimination should be assessed for the above-normal activities of intestinal ALP in serum in chronic renal failure.     

Metabolic implications in the elevation of serum activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in chronic renal failure

The activity of intestinal isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase was evaluated in 21 non-dialyzed patients with advanced renal failure and in 52 patients on regular hemodialysis. In patients without hepatopathy, a significant inverse correlation was found between the enzyme activity and serum calcium levels. Hepatopathy was the most significant variable influencing the enzyme activity in patients on dialysis. Secondary hyperparathyroidism and a decreased rate in enzyme elimination should be assessed for the above-normal activities of intestinal ALP in serum in chronic renal failure.     

Metabolic implications in the elevation of serum activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in chronic renal failure

Summary The activity of intestinal isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase was evaluated in 21 non-dialyzed patients with advanced renal failure and in 52 patients on regular hemodialysis. In patients without hepatopathy, a significant inverse correlation was found between the enzyme activity and serum calcium levels. Hepatopathy was the most significant variable influencing the enzyme activity in patients on dialysis. Secondary hyperparathyroidism and a decreased rate in enzyme elimination should be assessed for the above-normal activities of intestinal ALP in serum in chronic renal failure.     

Effect of experimental chronic renal failure upon the production of urea,as measured by the liver arginase activity in rats

Summary A significant diminution in liver arginase activity of chronic renal failure uremic rats is described, thus implying that the experimental finding of an increased urea production is not due to a depressed arginase activity.This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico do Brasil's Grants. —Acknowledgments. We are indebted to Mr D'Arrochela Lobo for technical assistance, Mr Celso Chiarin for the statistical review and Dr C.E. Tosta and Dr Linda Caldas for helpful advice.     

Intrarenal circulation in mercuric chloride-induced renal failure

Zusammenfassung Durch simultane Ermittlung der totalen und der nutritiven Nierendurchblutung wurde festgestellt, dass 1. in der normalen Hundeniere die gesamte Durchblutung durch die Kapillaren strömt; 2. 3 Tage nach i.v. Verabreichung von 2 mg/kg Sublimat etwa 1/3–2/3 der totalen Durchblutung durch arteriovenöse Anastomosen geleitet werden und 3. die kapillare Durchblutung umso mehr abnimmt, je schwerer die Symptome der Sublimatvergiftung sind.     

Liver glycogen concentration in patients with chronic uremia

Zusammenfassung Die Glykogenkonzentration in der Leber von urämischen Patienten und gestörter Glukosetoleranz ist nicht signifikant niedriger als diejenige bei den Kontrollen.