日本1868—1945年科学的发展

这是一篇描述日本科学发展史的文章。日本科学的发展，起始于日本步入近代国家的１８６８年，成熟于第二次世界大战结束之时。文章主要阐述了５个方面的内容：（１）１８６８年以前，在日本流行的汉学研究，对日本后来接受西学的重要作用，日本人把汉字有效地运用的创造科学专业术语；（２）受益于聘请的大批外国专家的帮助，日本在最初引入西学的３０年中，采取的是强行灌输西方科学技术的手段，这在世界近现代史中是罕见的；（３）

SOME ASPECTS OF JAPANESE SCIENCE IN 1868-1945

This is a brief history of Japanese science from 1868 when Japan became a modern state to the end of the Second World War in 1945. lt focuses on five aspects : ( 1 ) The intellectual training in Chinese studies prior to the period was significant for the reception of Western science. Chinese ideograms were effectively utilized for creating technical terms for science. ( 2 ) Western science and technology were intensively im- planted in the first 30 years or so with the help of a large number of hired foreign ex- perts , unparalleled in modern world history. ( 3 ) A number of qualified scientists emerged and an authoritative new-type organizational makeup for scientific research was developed around the First World war. (4) During the Second World War , Japan in- creased its funds for research on science and technology and Japanese research institu- tions were established in China. ( 5 ) Maturity of Japanese science was attained, as seen in the case of theoretical physics.