重视人兽共患寄生虫病的研究

据统计，有60％的人类病原体来自动物，80％的动物病原体为多宿主型，75％的新发传染病是人兽共患病，80％用于生物恐怖的病原体是人兽共患病病原体。目前，全世界已证实的人兽共患病有250多种，中国约有90多种。人兽共患病不仅给畜牧业造成巨大经济损失，同时给人类带来极大危害，严重时还造成社会经济动荡。如果动物传染源未能得到有效控制，就不能确保人类的安全。寄生虫是危害人畜健康的3大主要病原生物（病毒、细菌和寄生虫）之一。在众多的人兽共患传染病中，67％的病原是寄生虫。寄生虫病的流行不但危害人畜健康、制约局部地区的经济发展，还影响国家和民族的整体形象。虽然建国以来我国在寄生虫病防治方面进行了大量的工作，但目前我国仍是各种寄生虫病流行和危害非常严重的国家。经食物和媒介传播的人兽共患寄生虫病没有得到有效的控制，在局部地区还不断地蔓延。本文就人兽共患寄生虫病的危害、流行及防治措施做一综述，并提出了控制人兽共患寄生虫病的一些见解。

The importance of zoonotic parasitoses in China

Zoonotic parasitic diseases are widely prevalent in China and worldwide. The impact of the diseases to the social and economic development has been enormous; however parasitic diseases have remained as a group of ＂neglected diseases＂ in the national disease control program. So far more than one hundred parasites have been identified with capability of transmission from animals to human. The most prevalent zoonotic parasitoses are transmitted through consumption of parasite-contaminated food and water. Incidence of parasitic diseases transmitted by insects and other blood-feeding animals such as ticks is increasing due to more travelling and forest working. Diseases such as schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum has not been effectively controlled in China with an estimated number of patients of more than 8 millions. Clonorchiasis and paragonimiasis are prevalent in several provincial regions such as Jilin and Heilongjiang with the yearly incidence increased more than 65%. Zoonotic protozoan parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptospodium species are also widely distributed in the living environments, which have posed major threat to the infants and individuals who are with immune-compromised situations. Effective control of the zoonotic parasitoses relies on the comprehensive coordination at both national and regional levels. Accurate and prompt diagnosis, effective medication and active prevention procedures are all crucial to control these diseases. However, the importance of basic knowledge on parasite biology can never be over emphasized and is the basis for development of anti-parasitic products such as novel medicines and vaccines. Investment in basic research in parasitology is very necessary in China.