生物质的抗降解性及其生物炼制中的科学问题

木质纤维素资源的化学成分和结构复杂，目前还缺少能够破坏纤维素结构稳定性的低成本技术，生物降解转化的效率还不能适应大规模工业化要求。国内这方面基础研究相对薄弱，急需针对生物质抗降解屏障与生物转化的难点，围绕其中3个关键科学问题开展研究：（1）植物生物质是如何抗生物降解的——从生物降解转化的角度深入研究这一系列抗性屏障的特性，寻求破解之道，是实现生物质高效转化的基础；（2）微生物是如何攻击植物生物质抗降解屏障的——深入研究微生物降解木质纤维素的机理、多样性以及酶系合成调控，探寻人工构建低成本且高效的复合酶系的可能途径；（3）破解抗性屏障和提高转化效率的可能途径——分子生物学和系统生物学研究的发展为生物的定向设计与改造提供了可能，通过设计和改造植物、微生物及其降解酶系，选育适于转化纤维素为大宗平台化合物的微生物，研究其代谢调控，构建代谢工程菌，研究定向转化的过程及相关产品，结合物理化学预处理技术的研究，可望集成和设计出新的木质纤维素类生物质生物转化液体燃料和化学品的综合生物炼制技术方案。

Recalcitrance of Biomass and the Scientific Aspects of Biorefining

Because of the complex chemical composition and structure of lignocellulosic resources, it is still a lack of an efficient and low-cost technology to undermine the stability of cellulose.Biodegradation and bioconversion efficiency still can not meet the requirements of large-scale industrialization.Basic research in this area is relatively weak in China.The deep understanding the recalcitrance of biomass and the difficulties in bioconversion are urgently needed, of which around three core issues of key scientific research: (1) The mechanism of plant biomass recalcitrance to biodegradation: a series of in-depth study of the characteristics of resistance barriers is basis to achieve efficient conversion of biomass.(2) How microorganisms attack these anti-degradation barriers.In-depth study of the mechanism and diversity of lignocellulosics biodegradation are the requirements for the production of industrial enzymes and explore the possibility of the artificial construction of low-cost and highly efficient enzyme complex.(3) The possible ways to break the barriers and to increase conversion efficiency: the development of molecular biology and systems biology has opened possibilities to re-design of plants, microorganisms and its degradation enzymes.By studying metabolic regulation, metabolic engineering bacteria, combined with physical and chemical pre-treatment technology, it is expected to design new integrated biorefinery technology to transform lignocellulosic biomass into liquid biofuels and chemicals.