微纳流体样品片上分离技术

基于微流控技术的细胞或颗粒分离是样品前处理中的一个重要步骤,近些年在生物和化学分析中引起了极大关注,随着微纳米加工技术的发展,分离技术在片上实验室系统的微环境应用中得到快速发展.基于微流体细胞或颗粒的分选技术具有很多优点,包括减少了样品量、加速了样品处理速度、高灵敏度、高空间分辨率、成本低以及便携性等.本文介绍了当前最先进的基于连续微流体细胞或颗粒分选技术,从被动式与主动式分离两方面的典型实例详细阐述了各种分选原理及其在细胞或微颗粒分选中的应用,讨论了这些技术的主要指标,如分选标记、分辨率、效率以及处理量,同时讨论了各类在微流体下的微分离方法存在的缺点.微尺度下高效的微分离技术在实现片上实验室、现场微分析设备和家庭诊断中将会起着越来越重要的作用,引起了众多学者们的研究兴趣,能够促进微分离与检测和信号读取等集成于一体,形成一个便携式的诊疗设备.

Micro/Inanofluidic sample separation technology on a chip

Microfluidic separation of ceils and particles, which is an essential preparatory step and has recently gained significant attention in sample preparations for biological and chemical assays, is currently developing rapidly where key areas of interest are found in designing lab-on-a-chip systems that offer controlled microenvi- ronments for studies of fundamental cell biology. This review outlines the current state-of-the-art in microfluidic technology for cell or particle separation in continuous flow based systems. Microfluidics-based sorting offers numerous advantages, including reducing sample volumes, faster sample processing, high sensitivity and spatial resolution, low cost, and increased portability. A large variety of separation principles, which are classified into active and passive separation methods depending on the operating principles, are discussed in details along with popular examples demonstrating their application toward cell separation. Common separation metrics, includ- ing separation markers, resolution, efficiency, and throughput of these techniques are discussed. Meanwhile, the drawbacks of the different separation theories are also described. High efficient microseale separation methods are likely to play an important role in realizing true point-of-care （POC）, lab-on-a-chip （LOC） and in-the-field analysis devices. Therefore, this field has caused the researchers＇ interest which could promote the separation technology and testing, signal readout to integrate together. This will help to develop a portable diagnosis and treat device in the future.