白云鄂博含铌矿物原料中铌的赋存状态及分布规律

采用矿物解离分析仪(MLA)系统、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪，以及化学分析等手段，对白云鄂博含铌矿物原料的化学成分、矿物组成、样品中铌的赋存状态和铌矿物的产出特征进行研究.研究结果表明，该样品的化学和矿物组成复杂，其中铌品位为1.10%，稀土氧化物总质量分数为1.37%.铌矿物有钕易解石、铌铁金红石、黄绿石、丁道衡矿、铌锰矿、铌铁矿、包头矿和褐钇铌矿;8种铌矿物中钕易解石质量分数最高，为1.84%;铌锰矿中铌元素质量分数最高，为54.34%;钕易解石中铌的金属分布率最高，为44.85%.铌矿物产出粒度较细，除钕易解石之外其他铌矿物的单体解离度都较低，主要与钠闪石和铁氧化物连生.从工艺矿物学角度分析，实现白云鄂博铌矿高效综合利用的前提是解决微细粒铌矿物高效富集和含铌矿物原料中Nb-Ti分离的问题.

Occurrence State and Distribution Regularity of Niobium in a Beneficiation Product of Bayan Obo

The chemical composition， mineral composition， occurrence state of niobium and niobium minerals’ dissemination characteristics of Nb-bearing mineral raw materials of Bayan Obo were investigated by means of mineral liberation analyzer(MLA)， X-ray diffraction， scanning electron microscope， energy disperse spectroscopy and chemical analysis. The research results show that the chemical and mineral composition of the raw materials are complex， of which the grade of niobium and the total mass fraction of rare earth oxide are 1.10% and 1.37%， respectively. The main niobium minerals are nioboaeschynite， ilmenorutile， pyrochlore， dingdaohengite， mangancolumbite， niobite， baotite， and fergusonite， in which the highest mass fraction of nioboaeschynite， the highest mass fraction of niobium in mangancolumbite， and the highest metal distribution rate of niobium in nioboaeschynite are 1.84%， 54.34%， and 44.85%， respectively. The particle size of niobium minerals is relatively fine. Except nioboaeschynite， the liberation degrees of the rest niobium minerals are relatively low， which are mainly attached with riebeckite and iron oxide. From the perspective of process mineralogy， only by solving the problems of efficient enrichment of micro fine-grained niobium minerals and separation of Nb/Ti in raw niobium-bearing mineral materials could the goal of efficient and comprehensive utilization of Bayan Obo niobium mineral resources be achieved.