本国环境载荷与环境效率研究

阐述了表征国家环境压力总量的本国环境载荷指标和表征经济运行之综合环境效率的环境效率指标,对中国1990~2002年的环境压力和效率进行了实证研究.结果表明:本国环境载荷的90%以上来自国内隐藏流的开挖和处置,而国内隐藏流总量的约60%~70%来自农业,所以解决环境问题仅注重末端治理是远远不够的,根本途径是从源头实现资源需求减量,并应特别重视农业对生态环境的冲击.我国经济的环境效率在该时期总体上以较高的速度增长,年均增长率为5.6%,说明我国经济实现了一定程度的环境压力相对减量.

China's Environment: Environmental Load and Efficiency

Two indicators,domestic environmental load and efficiency,are defined to measure the aggregate environmental pressure and the comprehensive environmental efficiency of a country's economic operation,respectively.The indicators are applied to study empirically China's economic development from 1990 to 2002.The results show that China's environmental efficiency increased at an annual rate of 5.6% in this period,which indicated that a relative environmental depressurization was realized to a certain degree with economic development.On the other hand,it is revealed that more than 90% of the total domestic environmental load comes from the excavation and disposal of domestic hidden flow of which about 60% to 70% was caused by agriculture related activities.It follows that the end-of-pipe pollution control alone is far from solving efficiently the environmental problems as a whole,and the fundamental way is to reduce the resource demand at the source and pay more attention to the environmental impact due to agriculture.