高速列车外流场气动噪声的特性研究

针对高速列车外流场气动噪声完成了在线实验测试研究，对列车模型进行了简化并确定了合理性；进行了列车模型湍流流场模拟，完成了列车远场气动噪声的预测研究.研究表明，合理缩短列车不会改变车身表面声功率分布规律；高速列车气动噪声属于宽频带噪声；在频率范围(0～ 5000Hz)内气动噪声仿真与实验结果吻合较好，说明仿真方法准确度高；列车转向架处湍流最为剧烈，其次为车头鼻锥处；车身表面的气流最为平缓，进一步说明缩短列车模型的合理性.所提出的仿真方法能够为高速列车的结构优化设计提供依据，并能验证高速列车气动噪声控制方法的有效性.

Study on Characteristics of the External Aerodynamic Noise of High-Speed Trains

The on-line experiments were carried out to illustrate that it is reasonable to simplify the high-speed train model. The turbulent air flow of the train model was simulated， and the far-field aerodynamic noise generated by high-speed trains was predicted. It was found that reasonably shortening the car body will not influence the distribution of the sound power level generated by the train surface. The aerodynamic noise of high-speed trains is a typical broadband noise in a wide frequency scope(0~5000Hz)， the simulated aerodynamic noise agrees well with the measurement， and the simulation method is reliable. The turbulence is most severe at the bogie， followed by the nose cone. The air flow on the body surface is most gentle， further confirming the rationality of shortening the train model. The simulation method proposed can provide a basis for structural optimization design of high-speed trains and verify the effectiveness of the aerodynamic noise control method for high-speed trains.