轴向超声振动辅助钻削机理与试验研究

针对传统钻削过程中经常出现断屑、排屑困难以及加工质量差等问题， 提出了轴向超声振动辅助钻削加工方法，并研究了其运动特性和断屑机理.利用自行设计的轴向超声振动辅助钻削系统对45号钢进行了传统钻削与轴向超声振动辅助钻削的对比试验.从孔的粗糙度、表面微观形貌、切屑形态等方面进行研究.结果表明，相对于传统钻削，轴向超声振动辅助钻削能有效降低孔表面粗糙度，改善孔表面微观形貌.另外，对试验结果进行方差分析，结果显示主轴转速和超声振幅对孔表面粗糙度有显著影响，其中当振幅在20μm，主轴转速在450r/min时加工效果最好.

Cutting Mechanism Research and Experimental Study on Axial Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Drilling

An axial ultrasonic vibration assisted drilling method was proposed for solving problems such as difficulties in chip breaking， chip removal and poor processing quality in traditional drilling process. Motion characteristics and chip breaking mechanism were studied， and the comparative tests of conventional drilling and axial ultrasonic vibration assisted drilling were performed on the 45^# steel using an own-designed axial ultrasonic vibration assisted drilling system. Investigations were done toward the machining precision of holes， surface morphology and the shape of chips. The experimental results demonstrate that axial ultrasonic vibration assisted drilling can effectively reduce the surface roughness and improve the microscopic morphology compared with the traditional processing. In addition， variance analysis is used for data processing， indicating that the spindle speed and ultrasonic amplitude have significant influences on the surface roughness， and the processing effect is best when the amplitude is 20μm and spindle speed is 450r/min.