高等院校碳排放核算与碳中和路径探析

高等院校包括大学、学院和科研院所作为重要社会单元，能源资源消耗水平远高于社会平均水平，研究高校碳排放核算及碳中和路径，助力校园率先实现碳中和，可以为国家“双碳”目标的实现提供科技支撑。基于国外高等院校碳排放与碳中和相关研究，指出高等院校碳排放主要包括3个范围。根据温室气体核算体系（Greenhouse Gas Protocol）提出的3个范围碳排放的核算方法和标准，通过梳理国内外高校及相关行业碳排放研究现状，归纳总结碳排放核算方案，并针对性地探讨提出相应的碳中和路径框架。高校碳排放核算和碳中和方案框架的建立不仅能够为国内高校实现碳中和提供路径借鉴，而且可以为各地区、各行业降低碳排放、实现碳中和提供理论依据和方法参考，对于推动高校在碳中和科技创新中所承担的特殊使命具有重要的指导意义。

Analysis of Carbon Emission Accounting and Carbon Neutralization Path in Universities

Colleges and universities, including universities, colleges and research institutes, are important social units with energy and resource consumption levels far higher than the average level of the society. Research on carbon emission accounting and carbon neutral path of colleges and universities can help campuses take the lead in achieving carbon neutrality, which can provide scientific and technological support for the realization of the national goal of " carbon peak and carbon neutral". Based on the research on carbon emission and carbon neutralization of universities abroad, this paper points out that the carbon emission of universities mainly includes three areas. According to the accounting methods and standards of carbon emissions in three areas proposed by the Greenhouse Gas Protocol, the accounting schemes of carbon emissions in three areas are summarized by reviewing the research status of carbon emissions in universities and related industries at home and abroad, and the corresponding carbon neutralization path framework is specifically discussed and proposed. The establishment of three scopes carbon accounting and carbon neutral frameworks for College can not only provide path reference for domestic colleges and universities to achieve carbon neutrality, but also can provide theoretical basis and methods reference for all localities and industries to reduce carbon emissions and to achieve carbon neutral, having important guiding significance for promoting the special mission of universities in carbon neutral scientific and technological innovation.