安全风险决策阶段性模型构建:神经科学探索

决策者的主观认知心理与决策行为密切相关，外在行为受内在的大脑决策支配，故明晰安全风险决策与安全/不安全行为之间的关系是有效控制不安全行为的关键。通过文献分析梳理了安全风险研究的主要领域、内容和方法以及安全模型构建存在的问题。在此基础上，以风险信息的思维过程为主线，将风险决策过程分为风险感知、风险认知和风险决策3个阶段，阐明了各阶段的内涵、特点、研究内容和分析路径，构建了3阶段相互衔接的安全模型。同时，明确了事件相关电位（Event-related Potentials, ERPs）和功能性磁共振成像（functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, fMRI）两类神经科学技术在安全风险决策过程研究中的应用意义。所构建的风险感知-认知-决策的三阶段安全风险决策模型（SR-PCD模型），有利于进一步研究风险决策过程中的个体风险处理机制、明晰风险决策与行为的关系，对安全风险机理研究、事故管控、安全管理等具有理论和实际意义，可为未来安全风险研究提供可参考的实验研究框架。

Construction of Phased Model of Security Risk Decision Based on Neuroscience

Decision makers" subjective cognitive psychology is closely related to decision-making behavior, and external behavior is dominated by internal brain decisions. Therefore, clarifying the relationship between security risk decision-making and safe/unsafe behavior is the key to effectively controlling unsafe behavior. Through literature analysis, the main fields of safety risk research, research content and methods, and the problems of safety model construction are sorted out. On this basis, taking the risk information thinking process as the main line, the risk decision-making process is divided into three stages: risk perception, risk cognition, and risk decision-making. The connotation, characteristics, research content, and analysis path of each stage are elaborated, a 3-stage interconnected safety model is constructed. At the same time, the application significance of event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neuroscience technology in the research of safety risk decision-making process was expounded. The risk perception-cognition-decision three-stage safety risk decision model (SR-PCD model) is beneficial to further study the individual risk processing mechanism in the risk decision process, to clarify the relationship between risk decision and behavioral results, and to safety risks mechanism research, accident control, and safety management have theoretical and practical significance, and can provide a reference research framework for future safety risk studies.