川渝地区雾霾时空分布特征及影响因子分析

利用1981-2014年川渝地面气象观测资料,分析了川渝地区雾霾的时空分布特征及影响因子,结果表明:川渝地区雾日变化总体呈下降趋势,两种雾日观测资料的倾向率分别为-6d/10a和-8.2d/10a,研究时段内未出现突变点,80年代到90年代初,雾日变化周期以2~4a为主,21世纪后以8~10a为主.霾日总体趋势与雾日变化相反,呈上升趋势,倾向率为8.2d/10a,1997年开始发生突变,90年代变化周期以2~4a为主,2000年后4~10a周期变化较显著.在对雾霾与风速和空气相对湿度的关系讨论中发现,整个川渝地区雾与风速的变化趋势一致,与相对湿度呈正相关;霾与风速的变化趋势相反,与相对湿度呈负相关.

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors Analysis of Smog in Sichuan-Chongqing

The temporal and spatial distributions and long-term variation characteristics of haze were obtained for the Sichuan-Chongqing region from 1981 to 2014 by studying surface meteorological data and using the climatic statistic method. Simultaneously, the Mann-Kendall method and the Morlet wavelet analysis were used to discuss the changing trend, the change point and time period. The results show that fog days in Sichuan-Chongqing showed a downward trend, the propensity rates of two observations are -6days/10a and -8.2days/10a, respectively, the trend factors are 0.798 and 0.864, no mutation occurred during the study period. From the 1980s to the early 1990s, the main change cycle of fog days is 2 to 4 years, and after the 21st century, the main change cycle of fog days is 8 to10 years. On the contrary, the changing trend of haze days is on the rise, the propensity rates of observation is 8.2d/10a, the trend factor is 0.754, the trend of change occurred in 1997, the main change cycle of haze days is 2 to 4 yeas in 90s, and after the 21st century, the main change cycle of haze days is 4 to10 years. In discussion of the relationships between fog, haze and meteorological factors, it has been found that the trend of fog and wind speed is consistent and positively correlated with relative humidity in the whole research area, that the trend of haze and wind speed is opposite, and that it is negatively correlated with relative humidity, when considering only a single site, the results are inconsistent across site.