狭义相对论与元素的化学性质

本文第一部分讨论了类氢原子的Dirac处理方法概要,指出相对论处理方法所得的波函数ψ与几率密度|ψ|~2的图象中均不出现波节,从而解释了现行教材中不易向学生讲清的“电子如何由节面之一侧横过到另一侧”的问题。第二部分讨论了元素化学性质的相对论效应,指出S—轨道的相对论性收缩,d—和f—轨道的相对论性自治膨张以及自旋—轨道分裂是相对论效应的主要内容,利用这些效应能较好地说明在重元素和超重元素中的各种异常特性。

SPECIAL RELATIVITY AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS

First, the article discusses the outliue of Dirac's treatment of a hydrogenlike atom, showing that there is no node in ψ and |ψ|~2 figure resulted from the relativistic treatment, As a result,it will be easier to explain thes diffic ult points in the presently used teaching course to students, such as"how the electrons move from one side of the node to the other side". Second, the article discusses the relative effects of chemical properties of elements, showing that the Relativistic contraction of S-orbit, the Relatvistic self-consistent Expantion, the Spin-orbit Splitting are the main content which can be used to explain almost all the special properties among heavy elements and super heavy elements.