聚α-烯烃航空润滑基础油超高温产物结构组分分析

以聚α-烯烃航空润滑基础油(PAO)为原料,借助高温高压反应釜装置研究了超高温(350℃和400℃)作用对PAO性能的影响,并利用气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)技术从分子水平上分析了反应产物的结构组分差异.结果表明:聚α-烯烃在超高温作用下发生深度热裂解,尤其在400℃作用下几乎完全裂解.裂解产物经GC/MS分析,共检测出178种化合物,包括19种正构烷烃(NAs)、43种异构烷烃(IPs)、56种烯烃(OFs)、17种环烷烃(CAs)、15种芳烃(AHs)、4种含杂原子化合物(HCCs)及24种α-烯烃的聚合体(PMs).350℃和400℃下裂解生成的小分子化合物的相对含量分别达到37.236%和65.160%,这些小分子化合物的大量产生是导致油品粘度变稀的主要原因,然而环烷烃、芳烃及杂原子化合物等含生色/助色基团化合物则是油品颜色加深的主要因素之一.

Analyzing Compounds in Poly-alpha-olefins Aviation Lubricating Basic Oils under Ultra-high Temperature

In this paper,chemical compositions of poly-alpha-olefins(PAO)aviation lubricating basic oils under ultrahigh temperature(350℃and 400℃)were carried in high temperature and pressure reactor to investigate the influencing on performances of PAO,and the differences among products' components at the molecular level were analyzed by taking advantage of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS).The results revealed that PAO under ultra-high temperature were deeply pyrolysed,and pyrolysed absolutely under 400℃.And 178 kinds of compounds were detected by GC/MS,including 19 kinds of normal alkanes,43 kinds of isomerization alkanes,56 kinds of alkenes,17 kinds of cycloalkanes,15 kinds of aromatic hydrocarbons,4kinds of heteroatomic compounds and 24 kinds of polymers of alpha-olefins.And the relative content of small molecular weight compounds were pyrolysed to reach up to 37.236%and 65.160% under 350℃and 400℃respectively.In addition,these compounds were the main reason resulting to the viscosity of oils to decay.However,the existing of chromophoric and auxochromic compounds,such as cycloalkanes,aromatic hydrocarbons and heteroatomic compounds,was one of the main reasons deepening the oil color.