基于金属磁记忆的高铁轮对早期故障检测研究

列车安全性检测是铁路机车车辆工程的重要研究课题。轮对是高速列车行走部的关键部件，传统检测模式只能发现宏观存在的缺陷，而不适用于运行过程中的早期缺陷的发现与状态跟踪。为了实现对早期故障的快速识别与轮对寿命预测，针对传统测试方法在早期检测与动态检测方面的不足，提出了全新的动态检测系统，以满足列车运行的安全要求，还对磁记忆信号与该材料所受载荷状态之间的关系进行了大量的试验研究。研究结果表明：在50~150 kN的载荷区间内，试件的磁记忆信号呈单调变化，变化趋势明显；对试件进行疲劳载荷后发现磁记忆信号的原始值及梯度、峭度等信号特征均有所变化，峭度变化较为明显，能够有效反应材料的疲劳状态。采用金属磁记忆技术进行轮对早期故障检测与动态检测，对于保证列车的运行安全具有重要的现实意义，可为无损检测领域的应用提供借鉴。

Research on early fault detecting for wheelset of high-speed train based on metal magnetic memory method

The detection of train safety is an important research topic for railway locomotive and vehicle engineering. Wheelsets are key components of high-speed train bogies. The traditional detection method can only diagnose macroscopic structural defects, and it is not suitable for the diagnosis of microscopic defects and status tracking in the operation process. In order to achieve rapid identification of early failures and life prediction of wheelsets, in light of the shortcomings of traditional test methods in early detection and dynamic detection, a new system of dynamic detection is proposed to meet the safety requirements of train operations. This paper also conducts a large number of experimental studies on the relationship between magnetic memory signals and the loading conditions of the material. The results show that in the 50~150 kN load range, the magnetic memory signal of the experimental workpiece changes monotonously, and the change trend is obvious; after fatigue loading, the original values of the magnetic memory signal and the signal characteristics of gradient and kurtosis both have some change, and the kurtosis changes more obviously, which can effectively reflect the fatigue state of the material. The use of metal magnetic memory technology for wheelset early failure detection and dynamic detection has important practical significance in ensuring the safety of the train, and provides reference for its application in non-destructive testing.